Ultra-High-Yield Pediatrics & Neonatology Board Review: Newborn Screening, Congenital Syndromes, TORCH Infections, Developmental Disorders, Genetic Conditions, Birth Trauma, Neonatal Rashes, Metabolic Diseases, Orthopedic Abnormalities, Pediatric Viral Ex

Ultra-High-Yield Pediatrics & Neonatology Board Review: Newborn Screening, Congenital Syndromes, TORCH Infections, Developmental Disorders, Genetic Conditions, Birth Trauma, Neonatal Rashes, Metabolic Diseases, Orthopedic Abnormalities, Pediatric Viral Exanthems Verified Questions Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 What are the 8 newborn screening tests ? "Please CCheck BBefore Going HHome"* 1. PKU 2. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 3. CF 4. Biotinidase 5. β-thalassemia 6. Galactosemia 7. Hypothyroidism 8. Homocystinuria What is VATER syndrome? V- Vertebral abnormality A- Anal TE- Tracheal esophageal fistula R- Renal What is the average IQ? 85-100 What are the most common causes of intellectual disability in the US? Fetal alcohol syndrome Fragile X [CGG Repeat, giant gonads] Down's syndrome What is the APGAR test? neonatal rating scale (0-10) Greter than 7 test at 1 min and 5 min A- appearance (color) P- pulse G- grimace A- activity R- respiration (each given a score 0-2) what is the most common eye infection in newborns and when do they occur? 1st day- clear discharge due to silver nitrate (eye drops) 1st week- gonorrhea - prurulent discharge 2nd week- chlamydia 3rd week- herpes what are the causes of hyperbilirubinemia in kids? sepsis ABO compatibility hypothyroidism breast-feeding what is the cause of symmetrically small babies? in early onset: chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHES infections What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies? in late onset: poor maternal nutrition and vascular disease what is the cause of large babies? DM or twin-twin transfusions what is milia? neonatal white or pale yellow heads on malar area what is nevus flammeus? permanent, unilateral of face or neck, vascular malformation, sturge-weber syndrome, vasculitis What is seborrheic dermatitis? Red rash w/oily skin and dry flaky hairline, crusty lesion What are mongolian spots? Melanocytes on lower back what is erythema toxicum? white wheel on red area rash has eosinophils What is a subgaleal hemorrhage? Prolonged jaundice in newborns due to birthing trauma What is caput succedaneum? Bleeding under scalp (edema crosses suture lines) What is a cephalohematoma? Bleeding under bone (blood not cross suture lines) What is an Epstein's pearl? White pearls on hard palate what is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to? blocked duct What are wide sutures due to? Hypothyroidism and Down's Syndrome What causes a cleft palate? two lateral palatine shelves fail to fuse What causes cleft lip? medial nasal prominence and maxillary did not fuse what is the mcc of no red reflex? cataracts - increased incidence with high glucose or galactose, rubella, failure of light stimulating the retina by 3 months of life and if this does not occur the child will be blind What is the MCC of a white reflex? retinoblastoma, congenital cataract What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture? Asymmetric Moro reflex where is the mc site of a clavicle fracture due to birth?