NR 603 WEEK 1 |2026| complete exam test
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Terms in this set (156)
A 75-year-old man is involved in a Central Cord Syndrome
motor vehicle accident and strikes the central cord syndrome involves loss of motor
his forehead on the windshield. He function that is more severe in the upper
complains of neck pain and severe extremities than in the lower extremities, and is
burning in his shoulders and arms. more severe in the hands. There is typically
His physical examination reveals hyperesthesia over the shoulders and arms.
weakness of his upper extremities. Anterior cord syndrome presents with paraplegia
What type of spinal cord injury does or quadriplegia, loss of lateral spinothalamic
this patient have? function with preservation of posterior column
function. Brown-Séquard syndrome consists of
A anterior cord syndrome weakness and loss of posterior column function on
B central cord syndrome one side of the body distal to the lesion with
C Brown-Séquard syndrome contralateral loss of lateral spinothalamic function
D complete cord transection one to two levels below the lesion. Complete cord
E cauda equina syndrome transection would affect motor and sensory
ANS: B function distal to the lesion. Cauda equina
syndrome typically presents as low back pain with
radiculopathy.
,A 37-year-old man fell from a ladder Epidural Hematoma
as he finished hanging the Christmas Epidural hematoma most often results from a
lights on his house. The right side of traumatic tear of the middle meningeal artery.
his head hit the alley cement, and he Although a lucid interval ranging from minutes to
lost consciousness for about 1 hours followed by altered mental status and focal
minute; he woke up with a headache, deficits is typical for epidural hematoma, this
but he had no other complaints. A clinical picture is only encountered in up to 1/3 of
few hours later, the patient is the patients. The collection of blood between the
brought to the emergency room by skull and dura mater causes an evident mass effect
his neighbor because of an intense with ophthalmic nerve palsy and the contralateral
headache, confusion, and left hand hemiparesis. Surgical evacuation of the clot via burr
hemiparesis. On examination, the holes is the treatment of choice.
patient has a bruise located over the
right temporal region, mydriasis, and Subdural hematoma results from a traumatic
right deviation of the right eye, rupture of the bridging veins that connect the
papilledema, and left extensor cerebrum to the venous sinuses within the dura.
plantar response. An emergency CT This venous hemorrhage will result in a gradual
scan of the head without contrast increase of the hematoma, with a progressive
reveals a lens-shaped hyper-density clinical picture over days or weeks. The CT scan will
under the right temporal bone with show a concave, crescent-shaped hyper-density
mass effect and edema. What is the compared to the convex, lens-shaped hyper-
most likely diagnosis? density in epidural hematoma.
Answer Choices Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the result of an
1 Epidural hematoma aneurysm rupture; the most common is the
2 Subdural hematoma congenital berry aneurysm. The clinical picture is of
3 Subarachnoid hemorrhage a sudden, severe headache with meningeal
4 Intracerebral parenchymal irritation. A CT scan will show blood in the
hemorrhage subarachnoid space, and a lumbar puncture will
5 Acute meningitis reveal xanthochromia CSF.
ANS: 1
Intracerebral parenchymal hemorrhage is most
likely caused by hypertension complicated with
Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms. The blood
accumulates into the brain substance and most
commonly involves the basal ganglia.
,Acute meningitis is not associated with trauma.
Fever and signs of meningeal irritation dominate
the clinical picture. Lumbar puncture, indicated if
there are no focal neurological signs on clinical
examination, will be the diagnostic procedure. The
CT scan of the patient presented in this case is
characteristic for epidural hematoma, and there is
no indication for a lumbar punctu
,
questions and verified answers (MULTIPLE
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Terms in this set (156)
A 75-year-old man is involved in a Central Cord Syndrome
motor vehicle accident and strikes the central cord syndrome involves loss of motor
his forehead on the windshield. He function that is more severe in the upper
complains of neck pain and severe extremities than in the lower extremities, and is
burning in his shoulders and arms. more severe in the hands. There is typically
His physical examination reveals hyperesthesia over the shoulders and arms.
weakness of his upper extremities. Anterior cord syndrome presents with paraplegia
What type of spinal cord injury does or quadriplegia, loss of lateral spinothalamic
this patient have? function with preservation of posterior column
function. Brown-Séquard syndrome consists of
A anterior cord syndrome weakness and loss of posterior column function on
B central cord syndrome one side of the body distal to the lesion with
C Brown-Séquard syndrome contralateral loss of lateral spinothalamic function
D complete cord transection one to two levels below the lesion. Complete cord
E cauda equina syndrome transection would affect motor and sensory
ANS: B function distal to the lesion. Cauda equina
syndrome typically presents as low back pain with
radiculopathy.
,A 37-year-old man fell from a ladder Epidural Hematoma
as he finished hanging the Christmas Epidural hematoma most often results from a
lights on his house. The right side of traumatic tear of the middle meningeal artery.
his head hit the alley cement, and he Although a lucid interval ranging from minutes to
lost consciousness for about 1 hours followed by altered mental status and focal
minute; he woke up with a headache, deficits is typical for epidural hematoma, this
but he had no other complaints. A clinical picture is only encountered in up to 1/3 of
few hours later, the patient is the patients. The collection of blood between the
brought to the emergency room by skull and dura mater causes an evident mass effect
his neighbor because of an intense with ophthalmic nerve palsy and the contralateral
headache, confusion, and left hand hemiparesis. Surgical evacuation of the clot via burr
hemiparesis. On examination, the holes is the treatment of choice.
patient has a bruise located over the
right temporal region, mydriasis, and Subdural hematoma results from a traumatic
right deviation of the right eye, rupture of the bridging veins that connect the
papilledema, and left extensor cerebrum to the venous sinuses within the dura.
plantar response. An emergency CT This venous hemorrhage will result in a gradual
scan of the head without contrast increase of the hematoma, with a progressive
reveals a lens-shaped hyper-density clinical picture over days or weeks. The CT scan will
under the right temporal bone with show a concave, crescent-shaped hyper-density
mass effect and edema. What is the compared to the convex, lens-shaped hyper-
most likely diagnosis? density in epidural hematoma.
Answer Choices Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the result of an
1 Epidural hematoma aneurysm rupture; the most common is the
2 Subdural hematoma congenital berry aneurysm. The clinical picture is of
3 Subarachnoid hemorrhage a sudden, severe headache with meningeal
4 Intracerebral parenchymal irritation. A CT scan will show blood in the
hemorrhage subarachnoid space, and a lumbar puncture will
5 Acute meningitis reveal xanthochromia CSF.
ANS: 1
Intracerebral parenchymal hemorrhage is most
likely caused by hypertension complicated with
Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms. The blood
accumulates into the brain substance and most
commonly involves the basal ganglia.
,Acute meningitis is not associated with trauma.
Fever and signs of meningeal irritation dominate
the clinical picture. Lumbar puncture, indicated if
there are no focal neurological signs on clinical
examination, will be the diagnostic procedure. The
CT scan of the patient presented in this case is
characteristic for epidural hematoma, and there is
no indication for a lumbar punctu
,
