NR507 Midterm Exam 2023 / NR 507
Week 4 Midterm Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam Questions and
Answers Graded A+
Hypersensitivity Type 1 - Correct answer-Type 1: Allergic Reaction
Mediated by IgE
Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
local symptoms: Itching, rash
Systemic symptoms: wheezing
Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction-systemic hypotension, severe
bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type 2 - Correct answer-Type 2: Cytotoxic, tissue-specific
(thyroid tissue)
Primary effector cells: Macrophages
,Can cause tissue damage or alter the function
Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not alter tissue)
Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)- Severe transfusion
reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or
complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 difference - Correct answer-Type 2: Organ-specific,
the antibody binds to an antigen on the cell surface
Type 3: Not organ-specific, the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell
surface that was released into the blood or body fluids and then the complex is
distributed into tissues
Hypersensitivity Type 3 Examples - Correct answer-Rheumatoid Arthritis:
antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-
antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE- Type 3 Hypersensitivity- autoimmune response - Correct
answer-rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
discoid rash (raised, patchy, scaly)
photosensitivity
, oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis
serositis
renal disorder (proteinuria)
neurologic disorders (seizures)
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - Correct answer-Familial
Affected family members may not have same dz, but several members may have
other disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions that include
autoimmune or allergic reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a
variety of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Alloimmunity - Correct answer-When an individual's immune system reacts
against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species
Week 4 Midterm Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam Questions and
Answers Graded A+
Hypersensitivity Type 1 - Correct answer-Type 1: Allergic Reaction
Mediated by IgE
Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
local symptoms: Itching, rash
Systemic symptoms: wheezing
Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction-systemic hypotension, severe
bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type 2 - Correct answer-Type 2: Cytotoxic, tissue-specific
(thyroid tissue)
Primary effector cells: Macrophages
,Can cause tissue damage or alter the function
Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not alter tissue)
Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)- Severe transfusion
reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or
complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 difference - Correct answer-Type 2: Organ-specific,
the antibody binds to an antigen on the cell surface
Type 3: Not organ-specific, the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell
surface that was released into the blood or body fluids and then the complex is
distributed into tissues
Hypersensitivity Type 3 Examples - Correct answer-Rheumatoid Arthritis:
antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-
antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE- Type 3 Hypersensitivity- autoimmune response - Correct
answer-rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
discoid rash (raised, patchy, scaly)
photosensitivity
, oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis
serositis
renal disorder (proteinuria)
neurologic disorders (seizures)
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - Correct answer-Familial
Affected family members may not have same dz, but several members may have
other disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions that include
autoimmune or allergic reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a
variety of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Alloimmunity - Correct answer-When an individual's immune system reacts
against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species
