NURS 402 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+

NURS 402 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+


◉ When conservative treatment of CKD fails.... Answer: the patient will
need hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or transplantation


◉ main causes of CKD. Answer: -HTN
-diabetes


◉ prevention of CKD. Answer: -bp control
-blood glucose control


◉ CKD stage 1 GFR. Answer: =/> 90


◉ CKD stage 2 GFR. Answer: 60-89


◉ CKD stage 3 GFR. Answer: 30-59


◉ CKD stage 4 GFR. Answer: 15-29


◉ when must treatment begin in CKD?. Answer: GFR 15 and below

,◉ CKD stage 5 GFR (end stage). Answer: <15


◉ what to monitor in CKD. Answer: -A1C
-phosphorous
-calcium
-hgb
-BUN
-creatinine clearance


◉ what is the best indicator of renal function?. Answer: GFR


◉ S/S of CKD. Answer: -decreased urine output
-increased weight
-elevated creatinine
-elevated phosphorus
-decreased calcium
-edema
-dysrhythmias r/t hyperkalemia


◉ decreased erythropoietin r/t CKD. Answer: -they will need exogenous
erythropoietin

, -increased risk for bleeding


◉ management of S/S r/t CKD. Answer: -manage weight
-fluid balance
-maintain normal bp
-BUN, creatinine, electrolytes, hgb, hct within normal limits
-prevent injuries & fractures
-effective coping
-self care


◉ hyperkalemia r/t CKD. Answer: -restrict high potassium foods &
drugs
-IV glucose and insulin & IV 10% calcium gluconate
-sodium polystyrene sulfonate
-dialysis


◉ if a patient's potassium is >6.5. Answer: -they need immediate
intervention!
-do not send home


◉ hypervolemia r/t CKD. Answer: -monitor for fluid excess
-strict I&O