Medical-Surgical Nursing I Examination
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A |
Instant Download Pdf
Cardiovascular
1. A patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. Which finding
requires immediate reporting?
A. Dry cough
B. Potassium level 3.8 mEq/L
C. Swelling of lips and tongue
D. Blood pressure 128/78
Answer: C
ACE inhibitors can cause angioedema, a life-threatening reaction
requiring emergency care.
2. Which assessment finding indicates decreased cardiac output?
A. Warm skin
B. Urine output 20 mL/hr
C. Bounding pulses
D. BP 140/88
Answer: B
Low urine output reflects poor perfusion and decreased cardiac output.
3. A patient with heart failure should be taught to report:
A. Weight gain of 1 lb in a week
B. Weight gain of 3 lb in 2 days
C. Increased appetite
D. Dry skin
Answer: B
Rapid weight gain indicates fluid retention and worsening heart failure.
4. Which diet is appropriate for heart failure?
A. High sodium
B. Low sodium
C. High fat
, D. High potassium unrestricted
Answer: B
Reducing sodium helps prevent fluid retention.
5. Which medication reduces preload in heart failure?
A. Furosemide
B. Digoxin
C. Metoprolol
D. Aspirin
Answer: A
Diuretics decrease circulating volume and reduce preload.
Respiratory
6. A patient with COPD should receive oxygen at:
A. 10 L via mask
B. 6 L via nasal cannula
C. 1–2 L via nasal cannula
D. Room air only
Answer: C
Low-flow oxygen prevents suppression of the hypoxic drive.
7. Which position improves breathing in dyspnea?
A. Supine
B. Trendelenburg
C. High Fowler’s
D. Prone
Answer: C
Upright positioning promotes lung expansion.
8. A patient with pneumonia should be encouraged to:
A. Limit fluids
B. Cough and deep breathe
C. Remain on bedrest continuously
D. Avoid ambulation
Answer: B
Pulmonary hygiene helps clear secretions.
, 9. Which finding suggests respiratory distress?
A. RR 12
B. Use of accessory muscles
C. SpO₂ 98%
D. Clear breath sounds
Answer: B
Accessory muscle use indicates increased work of breathing.
10.Which intervention prevents atelectasis postoperatively?
A. Fluid restriction
B. Incentive spirometry
C. Sedation
D. Bedrest
Answer: B
Incentive spirometry promotes lung expansion.
Endocrine
11.Which sign indicates hypoglycemia?
A. Polyuria
B. Warm dry skin
C. Shakiness and sweating
D. Fruity breath
Answer: C
Adrenergic symptoms occur with low blood glucose.
12.A patient with DKA will have:
A. Low blood glucose
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Kussmaul respirations
D. Bradycardia
Answer: C
Deep rapid respirations compensate for metabolic acidosis.
13.Which lab is most important before giving insulin?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Hemoglobin
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A |
Instant Download Pdf
Cardiovascular
1. A patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. Which finding
requires immediate reporting?
A. Dry cough
B. Potassium level 3.8 mEq/L
C. Swelling of lips and tongue
D. Blood pressure 128/78
Answer: C
ACE inhibitors can cause angioedema, a life-threatening reaction
requiring emergency care.
2. Which assessment finding indicates decreased cardiac output?
A. Warm skin
B. Urine output 20 mL/hr
C. Bounding pulses
D. BP 140/88
Answer: B
Low urine output reflects poor perfusion and decreased cardiac output.
3. A patient with heart failure should be taught to report:
A. Weight gain of 1 lb in a week
B. Weight gain of 3 lb in 2 days
C. Increased appetite
D. Dry skin
Answer: B
Rapid weight gain indicates fluid retention and worsening heart failure.
4. Which diet is appropriate for heart failure?
A. High sodium
B. Low sodium
C. High fat
, D. High potassium unrestricted
Answer: B
Reducing sodium helps prevent fluid retention.
5. Which medication reduces preload in heart failure?
A. Furosemide
B. Digoxin
C. Metoprolol
D. Aspirin
Answer: A
Diuretics decrease circulating volume and reduce preload.
Respiratory
6. A patient with COPD should receive oxygen at:
A. 10 L via mask
B. 6 L via nasal cannula
C. 1–2 L via nasal cannula
D. Room air only
Answer: C
Low-flow oxygen prevents suppression of the hypoxic drive.
7. Which position improves breathing in dyspnea?
A. Supine
B. Trendelenburg
C. High Fowler’s
D. Prone
Answer: C
Upright positioning promotes lung expansion.
8. A patient with pneumonia should be encouraged to:
A. Limit fluids
B. Cough and deep breathe
C. Remain on bedrest continuously
D. Avoid ambulation
Answer: B
Pulmonary hygiene helps clear secretions.
, 9. Which finding suggests respiratory distress?
A. RR 12
B. Use of accessory muscles
C. SpO₂ 98%
D. Clear breath sounds
Answer: B
Accessory muscle use indicates increased work of breathing.
10.Which intervention prevents atelectasis postoperatively?
A. Fluid restriction
B. Incentive spirometry
C. Sedation
D. Bedrest
Answer: B
Incentive spirometry promotes lung expansion.
Endocrine
11.Which sign indicates hypoglycemia?
A. Polyuria
B. Warm dry skin
C. Shakiness and sweating
D. Fruity breath
Answer: C
Adrenergic symptoms occur with low blood glucose.
12.A patient with DKA will have:
A. Low blood glucose
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Kussmaul respirations
D. Bradycardia
Answer: C
Deep rapid respirations compensate for metabolic acidosis.
13.Which lab is most important before giving insulin?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Hemoglobin
