NUR2063 ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL PAPER SOLVED
QUESTIONS RASMUSSEN PROFESSOR SHAUN
WALKER A+
◉ What 4 things does pathophysiology include?. Answer: Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Implications
◉ What is etiology. Answer: study of causes or reasons for phenomena.
Includes Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or cause.
◉ What is pathogenesis?. Answer: development or evolution of disease
from initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations as time occurs.
◉ What are clinical manifestations?. Answer: Signs and symptoms of
disorder.
◉ What are treatment implications?. Answer: Which combine the
etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations to determine the best
treatment of condition per individual.
◉ What are signs?. Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of
disease.
,◉ What are symptoms?. Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in
the body.
◉ What is objective data. Answer: What you observe and can measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data?. Answer: rash, low blood
pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data?. Answer: What the patient may report to you
◉ What are examples of subjective data?. Answer: pain scale, they feel
suicidal, fatigued.
◉ What is epidemiology?. Answer: study of the patterns of disease
involving populations. Based on the spread and contact of diseases in
people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention?. Answer: Primary,
Secondary, Tertiary
◉ Explain Primary Prevention. Answer: "Preventing"; altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people.
,◉ Examples of Primary Prevention. Answer: Vaccinations and
Handwashing
◉ Explain Secondary Prevention. Answer: "Screening"; early detection,
screening, and management of disease to catch disease early before it
spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention. Answer: PAP smears for STDs,
lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention. Answer: "Treating" and preventing
further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has the
condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention. Answer: Rehab for hip surgery,
relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent
pressure ulcers.
◉ What is homeostasis?. Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all
body systems are in balance and the body is at its most optimal in
functioning. Stable.
◉ What is allostasis?. Answer: ability to successfully adapt to
challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt to adapt to achieve
homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
, ◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome. Answer: alarm,
resistance, exhaustion
◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome. Answer: Where
the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to stress. Fight or Flight
responses are activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis to flee or
fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital organs in this
stage to give the organs energy to work.
◉ Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome. Answer: the
activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the endocrine
system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately
adapt to the stressor.
◉ Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome.
Answer: Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in the
body. The body can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged
exposure to stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged that
can lead to disease or death.
◉ What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from
general adaptation syndrome?. Answer: disease can occur physically and
mentally, such as anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia, infection,
and heart disease.
EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL PAPER SOLVED
QUESTIONS RASMUSSEN PROFESSOR SHAUN
WALKER A+
◉ What 4 things does pathophysiology include?. Answer: Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Implications
◉ What is etiology. Answer: study of causes or reasons for phenomena.
Includes Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or cause.
◉ What is pathogenesis?. Answer: development or evolution of disease
from initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations as time occurs.
◉ What are clinical manifestations?. Answer: Signs and symptoms of
disorder.
◉ What are treatment implications?. Answer: Which combine the
etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations to determine the best
treatment of condition per individual.
◉ What are signs?. Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of
disease.
,◉ What are symptoms?. Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in
the body.
◉ What is objective data. Answer: What you observe and can measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data?. Answer: rash, low blood
pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data?. Answer: What the patient may report to you
◉ What are examples of subjective data?. Answer: pain scale, they feel
suicidal, fatigued.
◉ What is epidemiology?. Answer: study of the patterns of disease
involving populations. Based on the spread and contact of diseases in
people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention?. Answer: Primary,
Secondary, Tertiary
◉ Explain Primary Prevention. Answer: "Preventing"; altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people.
,◉ Examples of Primary Prevention. Answer: Vaccinations and
Handwashing
◉ Explain Secondary Prevention. Answer: "Screening"; early detection,
screening, and management of disease to catch disease early before it
spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention. Answer: PAP smears for STDs,
lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention. Answer: "Treating" and preventing
further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has the
condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention. Answer: Rehab for hip surgery,
relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent
pressure ulcers.
◉ What is homeostasis?. Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all
body systems are in balance and the body is at its most optimal in
functioning. Stable.
◉ What is allostasis?. Answer: ability to successfully adapt to
challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt to adapt to achieve
homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
, ◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome. Answer: alarm,
resistance, exhaustion
◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome. Answer: Where
the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to stress. Fight or Flight
responses are activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis to flee or
fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital organs in this
stage to give the organs energy to work.
◉ Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome. Answer: the
activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the endocrine
system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately
adapt to the stressor.
◉ Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome.
Answer: Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in the
body. The body can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged
exposure to stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged that
can lead to disease or death.
◉ What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from
general adaptation syndrome?. Answer: disease can occur physically and
mentally, such as anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia, infection,
and heart disease.
