NBRC TMC CRT RRT FINAL PAPER TEST
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS 2025
⩥ Ascites. Answer accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by
LIVER FAILURE
⩥ Venous distention. Answer-occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
⩥ Capillary refill. Answer-indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
⩥ Jaundice skin color. Answer-increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
⩥ Bradypnea (oligopnea). Answer-decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm)
variable depth and irregular rhythm
⩥ Hyperpnea. Answer-increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
⩥ Cheyne-Stokes. Answer-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and
depth in a cycle lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
,-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
⩥ Biots. Answer-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
⩥ Kussmaul's. Answer-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing
sounds labored
-Raspy voice
⩥ Apneustic. Answerprolonged gasping inspiration followed by
extremely short, insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
⩥ cachectic. Answermuscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
⩥ retractions. Answer-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts
instead of outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
⩥ Character of cough. Answer-dry, non-productive cough may indicate
tumor in the lungs or asthma
,-productive cough may indicate infection
⩥ evidence of difficult airway. Answer-short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
⩥ pulsus paradoxus. Answer-pulse/blood pressure varies with
respiration. may indicate severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or
cardiac tamponade)
⩥ tactile fremitus. Answer-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
⩥ Crepitus. Answer-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and
indicates subcutaneous emphysema
⩥ Resonant percussion. Answer-hollow sound
-normal lungs
⩥ Flat percussion. Answer-heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of
atelectasis
, ⩥ Dull percussion. Answer-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart
or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
⩥ Tympanic percussion. Answer-heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
⩥ Hyperresonant. Answer-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is
present.
-booming sound
⩥ vesicular breath sounds. Answernormal sounds in lungs
⩥ bronchial breath sounds. Answer-normal sounds over airways.
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
⩥ Egophony. Answer-patient instructed to say E and sounds like A.
-lung consolidation
⩥ Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy. Answer-increased intensity
or transmission of the spoken voice and indicate CONSOLIDATION or
PNEUMONIA
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS 2025
⩥ Ascites. Answer accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by
LIVER FAILURE
⩥ Venous distention. Answer-occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
⩥ Capillary refill. Answer-indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
⩥ Jaundice skin color. Answer-increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
⩥ Bradypnea (oligopnea). Answer-decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm)
variable depth and irregular rhythm
⩥ Hyperpnea. Answer-increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
⩥ Cheyne-Stokes. Answer-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and
depth in a cycle lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
,-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
⩥ Biots. Answer-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
⩥ Kussmaul's. Answer-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing
sounds labored
-Raspy voice
⩥ Apneustic. Answerprolonged gasping inspiration followed by
extremely short, insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
⩥ cachectic. Answermuscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
⩥ retractions. Answer-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts
instead of outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
⩥ Character of cough. Answer-dry, non-productive cough may indicate
tumor in the lungs or asthma
,-productive cough may indicate infection
⩥ evidence of difficult airway. Answer-short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
⩥ pulsus paradoxus. Answer-pulse/blood pressure varies with
respiration. may indicate severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or
cardiac tamponade)
⩥ tactile fremitus. Answer-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
⩥ Crepitus. Answer-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and
indicates subcutaneous emphysema
⩥ Resonant percussion. Answer-hollow sound
-normal lungs
⩥ Flat percussion. Answer-heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of
atelectasis
, ⩥ Dull percussion. Answer-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart
or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
⩥ Tympanic percussion. Answer-heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
⩥ Hyperresonant. Answer-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is
present.
-booming sound
⩥ vesicular breath sounds. Answernormal sounds in lungs
⩥ bronchial breath sounds. Answer-normal sounds over airways.
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
⩥ Egophony. Answer-patient instructed to say E and sounds like A.
-lung consolidation
⩥ Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy. Answer-increased intensity
or transmission of the spoken voice and indicate CONSOLIDATION or
PNEUMONIA
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
