BIOD 151 Module 4 Exam Answer Key (Portage learning)

BIOD 151 Module 4 Exam Answer Key (Portage learning) 1. Pyridoxine (B6) - ANSWER plays a key role in protein and amino acid metabolism as well as the synthesis of white blood cells, hemoglobin, and neurotransmitters B-6 is found in both plant and animal sources Deficiency - decreased hemoglobin production which carries oxygen in the red blood cell microcytic hypo chromic anemia - results in small, oxygen deficient blood cells 2. Folate - ANSWER coenzyme in DNA synthesis, cell division, and metabolizing amino acids Foods - meats, fish, eggs, milk deficiency - megaloblastic anemia which is characterized by abnormally large blood cells b/c cell division does not occur neural tube defects in developing fetus - spina bifida and anencephaly 3. B-12 - ANSWER converts folate coenzyme into the active form needed for DNA synthesis, homocysteine metabolism and myelin sheaths Foods - meat, eggs, nutritional yeast deficiency - megaloblastic anemia & pernicious anemia 4. Sodium (NaCl) - ANSWER important for fluid balance and nerve transmission 5. Potassium (K) - ANSWER fluid control inside cells, nerve transmission, muscle contractions foods - fruits, vegetables, whole grains deficiency - cramps, confusion, arrhythmias 6. Chloride (Cl) - ANSWER extracellular fluid control, immune function, component of hydrochloric acid in stomach 7. Calcium (Ca) - ANSWER necessary for teeth, bone structure, blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contractions Foods- dark green leafy vegetables, dairy tofu Deficiency - Tetany - muscles cannot relax after contracting; involuntary twitching 8. Phosphorus (P) - ANSWER important for bone structure, component of ATP, DNA, RNA and phospholipids meat, cheese, grains 9. Magnesium (Mg) - ANSWER component for production of ATP, DNA and RNA, necessary for hundreds of enzymatic reactions foods - plants, milk, meat deficiency - irregular heartbeats, weakness, muscle pain, seizures 10. Iron (Fe) - ANSWER necessary for hemoglobin to transport oxygen in red blood cells to cells spinach, milk, eggs deficiency - manufacturing of red blood cells declines: anemia: pale skin, loss of appetite, poor temperature regulation 11. two forms of iron & which is better absorbed - ANSWER non-heme is from plant sources and not as well absorbed heme iron is from animal sources and is better absorbed 12. Zinc (Zn) - ANSWER DNA synthesis, cofactor of enzymes, would healing, bone and sexual organ maturation, prevention of cell oxidation and growth whole grains, peanuts, legumes deficiency - acne-like rash, diarrhea, hair loss, reduced sense of taste, and smell. In children and adolescents, impaired sexual development, delayed growth and Learning disabilities occur 13. Selenium (Se) - ANSWER antioxidant, contributes to thyroid hormone metabolism meat, eggs, Brazil nuts, grains deficiency - muscle pain and wasting, specific form of heart disease 14. Iodide (I) - ANSWER promotes growth and development, regulate metabolism, thyroid hormone synthesis salt, grain, seaweed goiter, cretinism - stunted growth and poor mental development is outcomes child if pregnant woman does not take 15. Copper (Cu) - ANSWER metabolism of iron, cofactor of antioxidants, connective tissue proteins, blood clotting and immune functions legumes, nuts, dried fruit low white cell count, poor growth, bone loss and anemia