FAML 430 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026

FAML 430 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 key characteristics of socialization - Answers -over time -through interaction with significant others -by means of communication -in emotionally significant contexts externalization vs internalization How can we move towards internalization? - Answers E-behavior controlled by outside forces I-the process by which externally controlled behavior shifts to internally, or self-regulated, behavior How-communication of values characteristics of temperament - Answers -innate characteristics that determine an individual's sensitivity to various experiences and responsiveness to social interaction -rhythmicity, approach/withdrawal, adaptability, intensity of reaction, quality of mood -easy, slow-to-warm-up, difficult What are key demographic changes among children in the U.S. today? - Answers How has the concept of childhood changed over time? - Answers miniature adults-uninformed adults-children's rights-consumers What is the difference between a passive, evocative, and active genotype environment? - Answers P-children are predisposed to be affected by the environment their parents provide E-an individual's genotype will tend to evoke certain responses from the environment A-an individual's genotype will tend to motivate that person to seek out environments most compatible with their prewiring How did compulsory education laws come to be? What is their historical context? - Answers What are the major outcomes or goals of socialization? - Answers develop a self-concept, enable self-regulation, empower achievement, teach appropriate social roles, implement developmental skills What are the defining characteristics of the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem? How does each impact socialization? - Answers microsystem-activities and relationships with significant others experienced in a small setting (family, school, peer group, community); have the most influence mesosystem-linkages and interrelationships between two or more microsystems (having friends over, parent-teacher conferences); impact depends on the number and quality of interrelationships exosystem-settings in which children are not active participants, but that affect them in one of their microsystems (parents jobs, city council); indirect impacts macrosystem-society and subculture to which the individual belongs (economics, politics, religion, race) chronosystem-temporal changes in ecological systems or within individuals, producing new conditions that affect development (physical changes, 9/11) attributes of ethnicity - Answers ascribed attribute; national origin, culture, race, religion; share biologically and/or socially inherited characteristics characteristics of low-context vs high-context culture - Answers low (individualistic)-rational, practical, competitive, individual, progress high (collectivistic)-intuitive, emotional, cooperative, group identity, tradition What are the components and key ideas of Erikson's psychosocial theory? - Answers personality development is the outcome of interaction in their social environment; each stage of life has a critical challenge trust v mistrust autonomy v shame and doubt initiative v guilt industry v inferiority identity v identity diffusion intimacy v isolation generativity v self-absoption integrity v despair What is the concept of the "looking glass self"? - Answers a child's self-concept reflects the attitudes of others How would you define self-regulation? - Answers the ability to control one's impulses, behavior, and/or emotions until an appropriate time, place, or object is available for expressing them What is the difference between experience-dependent and experience-expectant environmental exposures as they relate to brain development? - Answers expectant-neural connections that develop under genetic influence independent of experience, activity, or stimulation dependent-neural connections that develop in response to experience What is the difference between self-esteem, self-concept, and self-efficacy? - Answers concept-individual's perception of his identity as distinct from others esteem-the value one places on their identity efficacy-the belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes developmental task - Answers midway between an individual need and a societal demand; the things you must learn to get along well in society What are key differences in ethnic behavioral patterns - Answers orientation-collective (group) vs. individualistic (self) coping style-active (doing) vs. passive (becoming) attitude toward authority-submissive vs. egalitarian communication style-open vs. restrained When is reinforcement effective? - Answers when it occurs immediately after the desired behavior What is the difference between extinction and punishment? - Answers E-gradual disappearance of a learned behavior following the removal of the reinforcement (ignoring behavior); must be used in conjunction with reinforcement