HIST 2112 UGA Exam 1 Final Exam
with Correct and Verified Solutions
2026 Updated.
America in 1865 - Answer - 30 million people
- 4 million are slaves
- predominately rural in both north and south
Proclamation of 1863 - Answer "Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction" issued by
Abraham Lincoln
- would grant amnesty to Confederate officials
- restored voters could elect members to US congress
Requirements:
- defeated states accept abolition of slavery
- new governments could be formed when 10% of eligible voters swore oath of allegiance to US
Freedmen's Bureau - Answer Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands
- created by Congress in 1865
- provided ex-slaves economic and legal resources
- primary goal: obtaining land
Andrew Johnson - Answer - Vice president to Abraham Lincoln
- Southern democrat chosen to attract border-state voters
- Born into rural poverty, had no sympathy for southern aristocracy
- Saw emancipation as a way to break down aristocracy, did not care about freedmen or their
autonomy
- Actively worked against Congressional Reconstruction
- Impeached for violating Tenure of Office Act
Radical Republicans/Reconstruction - Answer - Congressional reconstruction
- Anti-slavery party, wanted to punish the south
, - Believed that blacks were inferior to whites, but wanted the federal government to protect
newly emancipated slaves
- Advocated for suffrage and land distribution for freed slaves
- Ultimately failed, most issues weren't solved
Black Codes - Answer Kept free slaves in a system as close to slavery as possible, made it
nearly impossible to leave plantations, and ensured that white landowners still had cheap black
labor even after the abolition of slavery
- Prohibited blacks from bearing arms
- Outlawed racial intermarriages
- Excluded blacks from serving on juries
Fourteenth Amendment - Answer - Constitutionally defines citizenship and protects
individual civil rights
- Overturned Dred Scott case decision
Dred Scott - Answer Missouri slave sued for his freedom, but the US Supreme court ruled
that he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.
Decision overturned by the 14th Amendment
Tenure of Office Act & Johnson Impeachment - Answer - Prohibited chief executive from
removing a senate-approved appointee from office without getting approval from the senate.
Prevented Johnson from firing cabinet officers that supported congressional reconstruction.
- Johnson fired Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, who was appointed by Lincoln and
sympathized with radical republicans, without senate approval.
- House voted 126 to 47 to impeach Johnson, Senate fell one vote short to impeach after trial,
so Johnson remained in office.
Fifteenth Amendment - Answer Granted suffrage to all male citizens, regardless of "race,
color, or previous condition of servitude"
-Southern states devised different tactics to undermine this amendment
with Correct and Verified Solutions
2026 Updated.
America in 1865 - Answer - 30 million people
- 4 million are slaves
- predominately rural in both north and south
Proclamation of 1863 - Answer "Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction" issued by
Abraham Lincoln
- would grant amnesty to Confederate officials
- restored voters could elect members to US congress
Requirements:
- defeated states accept abolition of slavery
- new governments could be formed when 10% of eligible voters swore oath of allegiance to US
Freedmen's Bureau - Answer Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands
- created by Congress in 1865
- provided ex-slaves economic and legal resources
- primary goal: obtaining land
Andrew Johnson - Answer - Vice president to Abraham Lincoln
- Southern democrat chosen to attract border-state voters
- Born into rural poverty, had no sympathy for southern aristocracy
- Saw emancipation as a way to break down aristocracy, did not care about freedmen or their
autonomy
- Actively worked against Congressional Reconstruction
- Impeached for violating Tenure of Office Act
Radical Republicans/Reconstruction - Answer - Congressional reconstruction
- Anti-slavery party, wanted to punish the south
, - Believed that blacks were inferior to whites, but wanted the federal government to protect
newly emancipated slaves
- Advocated for suffrage and land distribution for freed slaves
- Ultimately failed, most issues weren't solved
Black Codes - Answer Kept free slaves in a system as close to slavery as possible, made it
nearly impossible to leave plantations, and ensured that white landowners still had cheap black
labor even after the abolition of slavery
- Prohibited blacks from bearing arms
- Outlawed racial intermarriages
- Excluded blacks from serving on juries
Fourteenth Amendment - Answer - Constitutionally defines citizenship and protects
individual civil rights
- Overturned Dred Scott case decision
Dred Scott - Answer Missouri slave sued for his freedom, but the US Supreme court ruled
that he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.
Decision overturned by the 14th Amendment
Tenure of Office Act & Johnson Impeachment - Answer - Prohibited chief executive from
removing a senate-approved appointee from office without getting approval from the senate.
Prevented Johnson from firing cabinet officers that supported congressional reconstruction.
- Johnson fired Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, who was appointed by Lincoln and
sympathized with radical republicans, without senate approval.
- House voted 126 to 47 to impeach Johnson, Senate fell one vote short to impeach after trial,
so Johnson remained in office.
Fifteenth Amendment - Answer Granted suffrage to all male citizens, regardless of "race,
color, or previous condition of servitude"
-Southern states devised different tactics to undermine this amendment
