Criminal Investigation Part 1 –
Origins of Policing, Autopsy
Principles & Early Law Enforcement
Complete Verified Questions
Provided with A+ Graded Rationales
Latest Updated 2026
1. Cause of death (natural, accident,suicide, homicide, undetermined-origin
2. If a weapon for substance caused death, the natural fatal wounds or injuries
3. Time of death relationship to wound
4. Whether the scene where the body was discovered is the death scene: whether marks and
signs indicate the victim was mobile or that the body was moved
5. Evidence of chronic illness or other disease
6. Evidence of blood hair or skin other than the victims
7. Evidence of sexual knowledge or deviancy
Classically; the autopsy report should provide information on the following
Under the principal of ________ _________ , which means the power or force of the
community to enforce the law, all available citizens were expected to respond to protect the
community
Posse Comitatus
As there was no police to call the victim would have to conduct the investigation often with
the assistance of family and friends. When suspect was identified victim would also have to
arrest this person. At that point the offender was turned over to the Sheriff
Sheriff, the chief law enforcement officer who represented the crown. Sheriff would take hold
of prisoners for eventual hearing. This was to prevent blood-feuds or vendettas
As populations increased and cities and towns grew in size, the social controls of the small
tight knit agrarian community failed to control crime in these larger communities. In response
to this in 1285 ________ ________ was passed
Statute of Winchester: required all towns to have men on the streets after dark to provide for
the safety of travelers and the towns inhabitants
,1285, 15 and 60
The Statute of Winchester was passed in _______ and required all males between the ages of
_____ and _____ to keep arms for the purpose of rendering aid and subduing offenders.
The Statute of Winchester also required citizens to come to the aid of the night watchmen
whenever they gave the ________ and _______, a loud outcry that alerted citizens of a
pursuit of a criminal which bound all who heard the cry to join in the pursuit.
hue and cry
theif takers
By 1750 parliament had established rewards for conviction of crimes $140pounds was the
reward for a suspect. But ____ ______, as they came to be known, often criminals themselves
were suspected of encouraging crime for the purpose of solving them and getting the reward
Henry Fielding
Former novelist, playwright, and attorney was named magistrate of Bow Street court (1748).
Bow Street known as one of the worst crime ridden areas of London. He organized constables,
theif takers to carry out investigations (known as Runners) also guarded the King
Sir John Fielding
Considered to be the father of the modern police detective. Innovations included the Police
Gazette which reported crimes, names of wanted, and descriptions of stolen property.
In Robert Peel became the British Home Secretary responsible for internal security to
England. In 1829 Peel presented a reform bill to parliament which passed enabling the
creation of the _________ __________ __________
London Metropolitan Police: 24 hour operation, uniformed in Blue to distinguish it from the
scarlet military uniform
Sir Robert Peel
who is known today as the father of policing?
Bobbies
The "peelers" who were both feared and hated soon became the "bobbies" a name used in
reference to Robert Peel and a term of respect and appreciation
Night Watchmen were used under the ________ ________ and were supervised by
__________
,Statute of Winchester / Constables
Constable served a ______ ______ term as part of his civic duty
one year. In addition to supervising the watchmen the constable was responsible for bringing
any arrested offenders before a magistrate in the morning
New York City Police Department
In 1845 this city police department was established and modeled after the London
Metropolitan Police
Unlike London's Metropolitan Police, while local, was administered at the federal level, Police
departments in America were formed at the ________ ______ of ________
city level of government.
These American police departments were under the control of corrupt political machines
operating under the ________ ________
Spoil system. Under this system politicians extorted money from people and companies
wanting to do business with the city.
Under this form of corruption a form of ___________ existed whereby an applicant had to
have political friends to become a police officer
Patronage
buy, payment
Another way to get a job as a police officer at this time was to _______ your way in with the
_________ to the political machines
August Vollmer (1876-1955) Chief of the Berkeley Police Department
Who is considered to be the father of modern Policing in America?
Civil Service System
Vollmer and other reformers advocated the following agenda
1. Policing should be profession that serves community on a non-partisan bias
2. Politics should be eliminated from Policing
3. Law enforcement agencies should be headed by qualified chief executives
, 4. Police should raise the hiring and training standards
5. Agencies should apply modern management
principals and centralized command and control
6. Agencies should create specialized units
To advocated these principals reformers advocated the use of the of _________ _________
________
Great Depression of the 1930
A major social event that had tremendous impact on moving policing toward professionalism
was the....?
GI Bill and enrolled in universities that offered courses in police science and adminitration
The trend toward professional policing continued after WWII when returning veteran took
advantage of the....?
Forensics
The use of science to answer legal questions is known as ...?
Scientist schooled in a variety of disciplines have made meaningful contributions to the field
of ____________, the application of scientific techniques in collecting and analyzing physical
evidence.
Criminalistics
Mathieu Orfila (1787-1853)
Who established the science of forensic toxicology father of forensic toxicology? The study of
the effects of poison.
Hans Gross (1847-1915)
wrote the first treatise describing the application of scientific disciplines to the field of
criminal investigation System der Kriminalistik
Anthropometry- A system that involved the taking of 11 measurements of various parts of the
body-such as height, reach, head width, length of left foot along with photograph of the
subject.
Alphonse Bertillon developed the first means of human identification known as _________.
Origins of Policing, Autopsy
Principles & Early Law Enforcement
Complete Verified Questions
Provided with A+ Graded Rationales
Latest Updated 2026
1. Cause of death (natural, accident,suicide, homicide, undetermined-origin
2. If a weapon for substance caused death, the natural fatal wounds or injuries
3. Time of death relationship to wound
4. Whether the scene where the body was discovered is the death scene: whether marks and
signs indicate the victim was mobile or that the body was moved
5. Evidence of chronic illness or other disease
6. Evidence of blood hair or skin other than the victims
7. Evidence of sexual knowledge or deviancy
Classically; the autopsy report should provide information on the following
Under the principal of ________ _________ , which means the power or force of the
community to enforce the law, all available citizens were expected to respond to protect the
community
Posse Comitatus
As there was no police to call the victim would have to conduct the investigation often with
the assistance of family and friends. When suspect was identified victim would also have to
arrest this person. At that point the offender was turned over to the Sheriff
Sheriff, the chief law enforcement officer who represented the crown. Sheriff would take hold
of prisoners for eventual hearing. This was to prevent blood-feuds or vendettas
As populations increased and cities and towns grew in size, the social controls of the small
tight knit agrarian community failed to control crime in these larger communities. In response
to this in 1285 ________ ________ was passed
Statute of Winchester: required all towns to have men on the streets after dark to provide for
the safety of travelers and the towns inhabitants
,1285, 15 and 60
The Statute of Winchester was passed in _______ and required all males between the ages of
_____ and _____ to keep arms for the purpose of rendering aid and subduing offenders.
The Statute of Winchester also required citizens to come to the aid of the night watchmen
whenever they gave the ________ and _______, a loud outcry that alerted citizens of a
pursuit of a criminal which bound all who heard the cry to join in the pursuit.
hue and cry
theif takers
By 1750 parliament had established rewards for conviction of crimes $140pounds was the
reward for a suspect. But ____ ______, as they came to be known, often criminals themselves
were suspected of encouraging crime for the purpose of solving them and getting the reward
Henry Fielding
Former novelist, playwright, and attorney was named magistrate of Bow Street court (1748).
Bow Street known as one of the worst crime ridden areas of London. He organized constables,
theif takers to carry out investigations (known as Runners) also guarded the King
Sir John Fielding
Considered to be the father of the modern police detective. Innovations included the Police
Gazette which reported crimes, names of wanted, and descriptions of stolen property.
In Robert Peel became the British Home Secretary responsible for internal security to
England. In 1829 Peel presented a reform bill to parliament which passed enabling the
creation of the _________ __________ __________
London Metropolitan Police: 24 hour operation, uniformed in Blue to distinguish it from the
scarlet military uniform
Sir Robert Peel
who is known today as the father of policing?
Bobbies
The "peelers" who were both feared and hated soon became the "bobbies" a name used in
reference to Robert Peel and a term of respect and appreciation
Night Watchmen were used under the ________ ________ and were supervised by
__________
,Statute of Winchester / Constables
Constable served a ______ ______ term as part of his civic duty
one year. In addition to supervising the watchmen the constable was responsible for bringing
any arrested offenders before a magistrate in the morning
New York City Police Department
In 1845 this city police department was established and modeled after the London
Metropolitan Police
Unlike London's Metropolitan Police, while local, was administered at the federal level, Police
departments in America were formed at the ________ ______ of ________
city level of government.
These American police departments were under the control of corrupt political machines
operating under the ________ ________
Spoil system. Under this system politicians extorted money from people and companies
wanting to do business with the city.
Under this form of corruption a form of ___________ existed whereby an applicant had to
have political friends to become a police officer
Patronage
buy, payment
Another way to get a job as a police officer at this time was to _______ your way in with the
_________ to the political machines
August Vollmer (1876-1955) Chief of the Berkeley Police Department
Who is considered to be the father of modern Policing in America?
Civil Service System
Vollmer and other reformers advocated the following agenda
1. Policing should be profession that serves community on a non-partisan bias
2. Politics should be eliminated from Policing
3. Law enforcement agencies should be headed by qualified chief executives
, 4. Police should raise the hiring and training standards
5. Agencies should apply modern management
principals and centralized command and control
6. Agencies should create specialized units
To advocated these principals reformers advocated the use of the of _________ _________
________
Great Depression of the 1930
A major social event that had tremendous impact on moving policing toward professionalism
was the....?
GI Bill and enrolled in universities that offered courses in police science and adminitration
The trend toward professional policing continued after WWII when returning veteran took
advantage of the....?
Forensics
The use of science to answer legal questions is known as ...?
Scientist schooled in a variety of disciplines have made meaningful contributions to the field
of ____________, the application of scientific techniques in collecting and analyzing physical
evidence.
Criminalistics
Mathieu Orfila (1787-1853)
Who established the science of forensic toxicology father of forensic toxicology? The study of
the effects of poison.
Hans Gross (1847-1915)
wrote the first treatise describing the application of scientific disciplines to the field of
criminal investigation System der Kriminalistik
Anthropometry- A system that involved the taking of 11 measurements of various parts of the
body-such as height, reach, head width, length of left foot along with photograph of the
subject.
Alphonse Bertillon developed the first means of human identification known as _________.
