NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 2026 – All Questions and 100% Correct Answers, Graded A+, Latest Update

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CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Mid-
Term ALL QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ -
UPDATED 2026-2027


Hypersensitivity: Type 1 - CORRECT ANSWER Type 1: Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE,
Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation



Local symptoms:

-itching

-rash

Systemic symptoms:

-wheezing

Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction

systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction

Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects



QUESTION : Hypersensitivity: Type 2 - CORRECT ANSWER Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue
specific (ex: thyroid tissue)



Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved



Can cause tissue damage or alter function



Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid
tissue



Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction
occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.




UPDATED exam 2026

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QUESTION : Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER Type 1
Hypersensitivity

Organ Specific

Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface



Type 2 Hypersensitivity

Not Organ Specific

Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released into the blood or body
fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues



QUESTION : Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis:
Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints



Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity- antigen/antibodies deposit
in organs that cause tissue damage



QUESTION : Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - CORRECT ANSWER Delayed response



Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3



Is T-cell mediated



QUESTION : Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4 Reaction: - CORRECT
ANSWER Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually
characterized by widely distributed lesions



Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the site of contact with
the allergen



The key determinant is the timing of the rash:

-Type 1 = Immediate


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-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be poison ivy



QUESTION : Treatment of Type 4 Rash - CORRECT ANSWER A non-severe case of contact
dermatitis would be treated with topical corticosteroid.



Why not epinephrine or antihistamines?

-Epinephrine is for emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions. Antihistamines act on the H1 receptors.
Type 4 does not involve mast cells and H1 receptors.



Antibiotics not appropriate since not an infection



QUESTION : Autoimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER Autoimmune disease can be familial,
Affected family members may not all develop the same disease, but several members may have
different disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions, These include autoimmune
and allergic reactions

Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes



QUESTION : Alloimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER General term used to describe when an
individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same
species.



Examples: Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens
expressed by the fetus, Transplant rejection, Transfusion reaction



QUESTION : Primary Immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER Most primary immune
deficiencies are result of single gene defects

Something is lacking with the immune system itself.



Example: B-lymphocyte deficiency - one of the most severe forms of a primary immunodeficiency




UPDATED exam 2026

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QUESTION : Secondary Immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER Complication of some other
physiological condition/disease, Malnutrition one of most common causes worldwide. Example: Pt.
with HIV gets pneumocystis carinii



QUESTION : Hematology - CORRECT ANSWER Anemias, Involve RBCs, Most of body's iron
stores come from the recycling of iron from old RBCs



QUESTION : Iron Deficiency Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER Microcytic/Hypochromic Anemia,
Caused by disorders of hemoglobin synthesis, particularly iron deficiency, Ferritin is an important
measurement that reflects the body's total iron stores, The NP will order a ferritin level to get an idea
of the body's total iron stores, Low ferritin reflects anemia



QUESTION : Major Lab Marker for Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER Increased RBC distribution
width (RDW) is one of the earliest lab markers in developing microcytic or macrocytic anemia



QUESTION : Folate Deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER Can cause megaloblastic anemia,
Alcoholics can easily get folate deficiency



Ferritin level normal

Hgb low

Hct low



QUESTION : Vitamin B-12 Deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER Fatigue, Dyspnea, Peripheral
Neuropathy in BLE (numbness and tingling)



Risk Factors: Older adults, H-pylori infection



Affects Vitamin B-12 absorption



QUESTION : Hemolytic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER Who is at risk?




UPDATED exam 2026