Epidemiology HOSA EXAM WITH |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS
epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔scientific method |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
used to investigate, analyze and prevent or control a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
health problem in a population.
|\ |\ |\ |\
Epidemic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a health problem that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
exists in a community to a greater degree than you would
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
expect.
|\
Bias - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a flaw in either the study
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
design or data analysis that leads to an erroneous result.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Case Fatality rate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔mathematical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
quantity that describes the severity of a disease Y,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
proportion of persons diagnosed with a disease Y who
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
actually die from disease Y during the period of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
observation:
exposure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔generic term used to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
describe the effective presence of any agent or factor
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that is thought to cause disease
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Hypothesis testing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
epidemiological process by which researchers ask the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
question: " Does the association that I have observed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
represent a causal relationship between the putative |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
exposure and the disease?" |\ |\ |\
Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔mathematical |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
quantity that describes the presence of a disease Y in a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
population
# with disease Y in population p at a given time
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
# in population p
|\ |\ |\
Incidence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the occurrence of a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disease Y in a population. It is the proportion of persons in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the population who newly develop the disease Y within a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
given time period (t)
|\ |\ |\
# who develop the disease Y in population p in a time t
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
# in population p
|\ |\ |\
Racial and ethnic health disparities - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔There are very few diseases for which those |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
differences result from biological factors others can |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
usually be traced to socioeconomic phenomena
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, Attributable risks - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔group of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
measures which describe the amount of disease risk that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
can be attributed to a given factor X
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(Incidence in population) - (Incidence in unexposed|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
group)]/ (Incidence in population)
|\ |\ |\
Screening - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔process of early|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diagnosis of a disease, i.e. identification of disease or risk
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
factors for the disease in its pre-symptomatic or pre-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
clinical stage. Breast cancer screening
|\ |\ |\ |\
Passive Surveillance - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
common form of surveillance used by most local and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
state health departments; health care providers report
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
notifiable conditions |\
active surveillance - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔data actively
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
collected, more specific objective, information-gathering
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tools (questionnaires etc), more useful in epidemiological
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
research than passive. |\ |\
Dallas Fire Study - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Study
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
measured fires in dallas neighborhoods to find causation,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
concluded that control efforts to prevent house fire
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
injuries should target the elderly, minorities, low-income
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
populations and houses without functioning smoke |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
alarms.
ANSWERS
epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔scientific method |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
used to investigate, analyze and prevent or control a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
health problem in a population.
|\ |\ |\ |\
Epidemic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a health problem that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
exists in a community to a greater degree than you would
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
expect.
|\
Bias - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a flaw in either the study
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
design or data analysis that leads to an erroneous result.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Case Fatality rate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔mathematical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
quantity that describes the severity of a disease Y,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
proportion of persons diagnosed with a disease Y who
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
actually die from disease Y during the period of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
observation:
exposure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔generic term used to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
describe the effective presence of any agent or factor
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that is thought to cause disease
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Hypothesis testing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
epidemiological process by which researchers ask the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
question: " Does the association that I have observed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
represent a causal relationship between the putative |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
exposure and the disease?" |\ |\ |\
Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔mathematical |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
quantity that describes the presence of a disease Y in a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
population
# with disease Y in population p at a given time
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
# in population p
|\ |\ |\
Incidence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the occurrence of a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disease Y in a population. It is the proportion of persons in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the population who newly develop the disease Y within a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
given time period (t)
|\ |\ |\
# who develop the disease Y in population p in a time t
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
# in population p
|\ |\ |\
Racial and ethnic health disparities - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔There are very few diseases for which those |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
differences result from biological factors others can |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
usually be traced to socioeconomic phenomena
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, Attributable risks - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔group of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
measures which describe the amount of disease risk that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
can be attributed to a given factor X
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(Incidence in population) - (Incidence in unexposed|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
group)]/ (Incidence in population)
|\ |\ |\
Screening - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔process of early|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diagnosis of a disease, i.e. identification of disease or risk
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
factors for the disease in its pre-symptomatic or pre-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
clinical stage. Breast cancer screening
|\ |\ |\ |\
Passive Surveillance - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
common form of surveillance used by most local and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
state health departments; health care providers report
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
notifiable conditions |\
active surveillance - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔data actively
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
collected, more specific objective, information-gathering
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tools (questionnaires etc), more useful in epidemiological
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
research than passive. |\ |\
Dallas Fire Study - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Study
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
measured fires in dallas neighborhoods to find causation,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
concluded that control efforts to prevent house fire
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
injuries should target the elderly, minorities, low-income
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
populations and houses without functioning smoke |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
alarms.
