Hosa Epidemiology EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Hosa Epidemiology EXAM QUESTIONS
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WITH ANSWERS |\




Incidence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The number of new
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cases per person per unit of time
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Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The proportion of the
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population at a given time that has a case
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Case Fatality Rate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ratio of fatal
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cases to total cases|\ |\ |\




Risk factor - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A definable element
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of exposure that captures at least one part of the
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pathway by which the cause increases the risk that a
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member of the population will meet the criteria of a case.
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Observational Study - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Study in |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



which events occur without the scientist having controlled
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starting conditions. Resembles the studies of geology and
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astronomy.
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Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The study of the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



distribution and determinants of health-related states or
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,events in specified populations, and the application of
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this study is the control of health problems.
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5 Ws of Descriptive Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Diagnosis or health event (what), Person (who), Place |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



(where), Time (when) and Modes of Transmission|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



(why/how)
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Frequency - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Not only the number |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



of health events, but also the relationship of that number
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to the size of the population.
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Pattern - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The occurrence of
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health-related events by time, place and person. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Descriptive Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



✔✔Characterizing health events by time, place, and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



person.


Determinants - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The causes and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



other factors that influence the occurrence of disease and
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other health-related events.
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,Analytic Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Provides
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the "why" and "how" disease and other health events
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spread/occur.


Public Health Surveillance - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The
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ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation,
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and dissemination of health data to help guide public
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health decision making and action.
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Field Investigation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Characterizes
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the extent of the epidemic and attempts to identify its
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cause.


Shoe Leather Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Slang; the objective is to learn more about the natural
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history, clinical spectrum, descriptive epidemiology, and
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risk factors of the disease before determining what
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disease intervention methods might be appropriate.
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Analytic Studies - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A study with
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the purpose of identifying and quantifying the relationship
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between an exposure and an outcome and to test
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hypotheses about causal relationships by comparing |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



case-patients and those in an appropriate comparison |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



group (control). |\

, Design - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Includes determining the
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appropriate research strategy and study design, writing
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justifications and protocols, calculating sample sizes, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



deciding on criteria for subject selection (e.g., developing
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case definitions), choosing an appropriate comparison
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group, and designing questionnaires.
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Conduct - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Involves securing
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appropriate clearances and approvals, adhering to |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



appropriate ethical principles, abstracting records, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



tracking down and interviewing subjects, collecting and
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handling specimens, and managing the data. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Analysis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Begins with describing
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the characteristics of the subjects. It progresses to
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calculation of rates, creation of comparative tables (e.g.
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two-by-two tables), and computations of measures of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



association (e.g., chi-square test), confidence intervals, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



and the like. |\ |\




Interpretation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Involves putting |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



the study findings into perspective, identifying the key
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take-home messages, and making sound |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



recommendations. Doing so requires the epidemiologist |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



be knowledgeable about the subject matter and the
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strengths and weaknesses of the study. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\