Human Anatomy Exam 3 University of Iowa with ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
precise detailed solutions ||\\//|| ||\\//||
contractibility - correct answer✔✔ability of a muscle to shorten ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
excitability - correct answer✔✔ability of muscle to respond to stimuli ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
extensibility - correct answer✔✔ability of a muscle to extend ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
elasticity - correct answer✔✔ability of a muscle to return to its resting length
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
all or none law - correct answer✔✔individual muscle contract as hard as they can or not at
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
all
functions of muscles - correct answer✔✔body movement, maintaining posture, regulating
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
elimination of materials, heat production ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
epimysium - correct answer✔✔CT that surrounds entire muscle ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
perimysium - correct answer✔✔CT surrounding fascicle ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
endomysium - correct answer✔✔CT surrounds muscle fiber ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
origin - correct answer✔✔muscle tendon that attaches to the bone that remains stationary
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
during contraction ||\\//||
,Insertion - correct answer✔✔at the end of tendon, it attaches to the end of the bone, moves
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
toward origin when muscle contracts ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
myofibrils - correct answer✔✔cylindrical structures extending the entire length of the cell, ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
80% fiber volume, ability to shorten resulting in contraction of muscle fiber, think and thin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
filaments
A band - correct answer✔✔everywhere thick filaments are present
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
H zone/band - correct answer✔✔only thick filament, no overlap, dark part
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
M line - correct answer✔✔center of H zone, middle of the sarcomere, two Z lines pull
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
toward this ||\\//||
I band - correct answer✔✔only have thin filaments
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Isometric - correct answer✔✔length of muscle remains constant ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Concentric - correct answer✔✔length of the muscle gets shorter ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Eccentric - correct answer✔✔length of the muscle gets longer ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sliding filament theory - correct answer✔✔muscles shorten by thin and thick filaments
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sliding past each other, filaments increase over lap
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Troponin - correct answer✔✔attached to both actin and tropomyosin, has a binding site for||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
calcium
, Tropomyosin - correct answer✔✔rope like protein, at rest it is in a position to cover binding ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sites of actin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
agonist - correct answer✔✔main muscle that performs the movement, biggest muscle in
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the region, prime mover
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
synergist - correct answer✔✔help with movement but aren't the biggest muscle||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
antagonist - correct answer✔✔opposite side of the body that performs the other movement ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Fibromyaligia - correct answer✔✔chronic muscle pain, unexplainable ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
muscular dystrophy - correct answer✔✔progressive deterioration of muscles and tissue
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(winged scapulae and scoliosis), results in atrophy of the affected muscle, muscle fibers are
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
replaced by fibrous connective and fatty tissue, no cure ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - correct answer✔✔neurodegenerative disease affecting ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
motor neurons; loss of function leads to muscle weakness, atrophy, and spastic paralysis;
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
usually leads to death in 5 years from respiratory failure
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Myasthenia gravis - correct answer✔✔autoimmune disease where antibodies attach to the ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ACh receptors on the sarcolemma, therefore blocking or reducing stimulatory effect on the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
neurotransmitter
sensory neurons - correct answer✔✔neurons that transmit sensory info to the CNS
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
precise detailed solutions ||\\//|| ||\\//||
contractibility - correct answer✔✔ability of a muscle to shorten ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
excitability - correct answer✔✔ability of muscle to respond to stimuli ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
extensibility - correct answer✔✔ability of a muscle to extend ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
elasticity - correct answer✔✔ability of a muscle to return to its resting length
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
all or none law - correct answer✔✔individual muscle contract as hard as they can or not at
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
all
functions of muscles - correct answer✔✔body movement, maintaining posture, regulating
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
elimination of materials, heat production ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
epimysium - correct answer✔✔CT that surrounds entire muscle ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
perimysium - correct answer✔✔CT surrounding fascicle ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
endomysium - correct answer✔✔CT surrounds muscle fiber ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
origin - correct answer✔✔muscle tendon that attaches to the bone that remains stationary
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
during contraction ||\\//||
,Insertion - correct answer✔✔at the end of tendon, it attaches to the end of the bone, moves
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
toward origin when muscle contracts ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
myofibrils - correct answer✔✔cylindrical structures extending the entire length of the cell, ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
80% fiber volume, ability to shorten resulting in contraction of muscle fiber, think and thin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
filaments
A band - correct answer✔✔everywhere thick filaments are present
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
H zone/band - correct answer✔✔only thick filament, no overlap, dark part
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
M line - correct answer✔✔center of H zone, middle of the sarcomere, two Z lines pull
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
toward this ||\\//||
I band - correct answer✔✔only have thin filaments
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Isometric - correct answer✔✔length of muscle remains constant ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Concentric - correct answer✔✔length of the muscle gets shorter ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Eccentric - correct answer✔✔length of the muscle gets longer ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sliding filament theory - correct answer✔✔muscles shorten by thin and thick filaments
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sliding past each other, filaments increase over lap
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Troponin - correct answer✔✔attached to both actin and tropomyosin, has a binding site for||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
calcium
, Tropomyosin - correct answer✔✔rope like protein, at rest it is in a position to cover binding ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sites of actin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
agonist - correct answer✔✔main muscle that performs the movement, biggest muscle in
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the region, prime mover
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
synergist - correct answer✔✔help with movement but aren't the biggest muscle||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
antagonist - correct answer✔✔opposite side of the body that performs the other movement ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Fibromyaligia - correct answer✔✔chronic muscle pain, unexplainable ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
muscular dystrophy - correct answer✔✔progressive deterioration of muscles and tissue
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(winged scapulae and scoliosis), results in atrophy of the affected muscle, muscle fibers are
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
replaced by fibrous connective and fatty tissue, no cure ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - correct answer✔✔neurodegenerative disease affecting ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
motor neurons; loss of function leads to muscle weakness, atrophy, and spastic paralysis;
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
usually leads to death in 5 years from respiratory failure
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Myasthenia gravis - correct answer✔✔autoimmune disease where antibodies attach to the ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ACh receptors on the sarcolemma, therefore blocking or reducing stimulatory effect on the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
neurotransmitter
sensory neurons - correct answer✔✔neurons that transmit sensory info to the CNS
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
