Human Anatomy Exam 2- University of Iowa questions ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
with precise detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
skeletal system - correct answer✔✔bones||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Structures of the Skeletal System: - correct answer✔✔- bone ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- cartilage
||\\//||
- ligaments
||\\//||
- other supportive connective tissues
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
functions of the skeletal system - correct answer✔✔- frame work for the body
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- support body weight
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- attachment point for muscles that allows movement
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- storage reservoir (Ca2+, Phosphorus)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Cartilage - correct answer✔✔A connective tissue that is more flexible and resilient than
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
bone
Chondroblasts - correct answer✔✔cartilage forming cells ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Chondrocytes - correct answer✔✔mature cartilage tissue that occupies small spaces called ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
lacunae and does not have vasculature ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
hyaline cartilage - correct answer✔✔- shiny or glassy appearance
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- in the middle as far as flexibility
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,- example: the tip of the nose
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Fibrocartilage - correct answer✔✔- rigid and strong ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: the vertebral discs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
elastic cartilage - correct answer✔✔- most flexible of the three types
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: the outer structure of the ear
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
functions of cartilage - correct answer✔✔- support the soft tissues
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- gliding surface of joints
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- precursor model for bone growth
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
interstital growth - correct answer✔✔growth from within (a long bones growth in length)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
appositional growth - correct answer✔✔growth from the outside (a bone's growth in ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
diameter)
Functions of bones - correct answer✔✔- structural support ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- protection for the delicate organs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- attachment point for muscle
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- hemopoiesis
||\\//||
- mineral and energy reserves
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
long bone - correct answer✔✔- longer than they are wide
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: femur
||\\//|| ||\\//||
,short bone - correct answer✔✔- roughly about as wide as they are tall
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- include a special type called sesamoid bone
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sesamoid bone - correct answer✔✔- bone formed in a tendon over a joint
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: the patella (kneecap)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
flat bone - correct answer✔✔- very broad and thin bones
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: the sternum
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
irregular bone - correct answer✔✔- bones that do not fit into the other categories
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- unique in shape
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: vertebrae
||\\//|| ||\\//||
what are the regions of long bone - correct answer✔✔- Diaphysis
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Epiphysis
||\\//||
- Metaphysis
||\\//||
Diaphysis - correct answer✔✔- the shaft of a long bone that includes the meduallary cavity
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
meduallary cavity - correct answer✔✔The space within the diaphysis of a bone that ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
contains yellow bone marrow ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what cavity does the endostium line - correct answer✔✔the meduallary cavity
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Epiphysis - correct answer✔✔the ends of long bone that are covered and protected by
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
articular cartilage ||\\//||
, articular - correct answer✔✔joint ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
metaphysis - correct answer✔✔growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
during development of a long bone ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
periosteum - correct answer✔✔lines the outside of the bone except where articular ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
cartilage is ||\\//||
nutrient foramen - correct answer✔✔small opening in the middle of the external surface of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the diaphysis, through which an artery and/or nerve enters the bone to provide
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
nourishment
osteoprogenitor cells - correct answer✔✔undifferentiated cells that will become bone ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
osteoblasts - correct answer✔✔bone forming cells that secrete osteoid (the bone forming ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
matrix)
when does and oesteoblast become an osteocyte? - correct answer✔✔when it is completely
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
embedded in osteoid ||\\//|| ||\\//||
osteocytes - correct answer✔✔mature bone cells that detect strain on the bone and ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
"decides" if bone should grow or regress ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
osteoclasts - correct answer✔✔dissolves/break bones down due to lack of stress stimulation ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
or the body in need of calcium
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
with precise detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
skeletal system - correct answer✔✔bones||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Structures of the Skeletal System: - correct answer✔✔- bone ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- cartilage
||\\//||
- ligaments
||\\//||
- other supportive connective tissues
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
functions of the skeletal system - correct answer✔✔- frame work for the body
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- support body weight
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- attachment point for muscles that allows movement
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- storage reservoir (Ca2+, Phosphorus)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Cartilage - correct answer✔✔A connective tissue that is more flexible and resilient than
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
bone
Chondroblasts - correct answer✔✔cartilage forming cells ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Chondrocytes - correct answer✔✔mature cartilage tissue that occupies small spaces called ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
lacunae and does not have vasculature ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
hyaline cartilage - correct answer✔✔- shiny or glassy appearance
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- in the middle as far as flexibility
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,- example: the tip of the nose
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Fibrocartilage - correct answer✔✔- rigid and strong ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: the vertebral discs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
elastic cartilage - correct answer✔✔- most flexible of the three types
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: the outer structure of the ear
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
functions of cartilage - correct answer✔✔- support the soft tissues
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- gliding surface of joints
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- precursor model for bone growth
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
interstital growth - correct answer✔✔growth from within (a long bones growth in length)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
appositional growth - correct answer✔✔growth from the outside (a bone's growth in ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
diameter)
Functions of bones - correct answer✔✔- structural support ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- protection for the delicate organs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- attachment point for muscle
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- hemopoiesis
||\\//||
- mineral and energy reserves
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
long bone - correct answer✔✔- longer than they are wide
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: femur
||\\//|| ||\\//||
,short bone - correct answer✔✔- roughly about as wide as they are tall
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- include a special type called sesamoid bone
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sesamoid bone - correct answer✔✔- bone formed in a tendon over a joint
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: the patella (kneecap)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
flat bone - correct answer✔✔- very broad and thin bones
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: the sternum
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
irregular bone - correct answer✔✔- bones that do not fit into the other categories
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- unique in shape
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- example: vertebrae
||\\//|| ||\\//||
what are the regions of long bone - correct answer✔✔- Diaphysis
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Epiphysis
||\\//||
- Metaphysis
||\\//||
Diaphysis - correct answer✔✔- the shaft of a long bone that includes the meduallary cavity
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
meduallary cavity - correct answer✔✔The space within the diaphysis of a bone that ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
contains yellow bone marrow ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what cavity does the endostium line - correct answer✔✔the meduallary cavity
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Epiphysis - correct answer✔✔the ends of long bone that are covered and protected by
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
articular cartilage ||\\//||
, articular - correct answer✔✔joint ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
metaphysis - correct answer✔✔growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
during development of a long bone ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
periosteum - correct answer✔✔lines the outside of the bone except where articular ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
cartilage is ||\\//||
nutrient foramen - correct answer✔✔small opening in the middle of the external surface of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the diaphysis, through which an artery and/or nerve enters the bone to provide
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
nourishment
osteoprogenitor cells - correct answer✔✔undifferentiated cells that will become bone ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
osteoblasts - correct answer✔✔bone forming cells that secrete osteoid (the bone forming ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
matrix)
when does and oesteoblast become an osteocyte? - correct answer✔✔when it is completely
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
embedded in osteoid ||\\//|| ||\\//||
osteocytes - correct answer✔✔mature bone cells that detect strain on the bone and ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
"decides" if bone should grow or regress ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
osteoclasts - correct answer✔✔dissolves/break bones down due to lack of stress stimulation ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
or the body in need of calcium
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
