ANSWERS|LATEST !!!!2026|GRADED A+| (EXAM
Define the concept of universal precautions. - ANSWER Universal precautions means
any and all samples, whether known or unknown, are to be treated as potentially hazardous
(or pathogenic) materials.
List at least 3 observations a researcher would be sure to note while assessing an unknown
microbial sample. - ANSWER A lab researcher would be certain to note:
Size and shape
Any observable motility
Gram status (positive or negative)
The presence of any chemical reactions
Changes in color localized to the organism or the surrounding media
Capture (or draw) images of any of the characteristics described above
While observing an unknown sample of limited amounts, a researcher must determine the
following observations: (1) the presence of any motility and (2) its Gram status using the
same sample—the liquid sample cannot be divided. Which would you determine first and
why? - ANSWER You must determine motility before determining the Gram status.
Motility requires a wet mount, while Gram staining requires heat fixing the sample. If one
were to begin with the Gram stain the heat fixation process would kill the organism, making
any observations regarding motility impossible. The correct approach would be to place the
liquid culture on a glass slide and determine its motility status. Next, the same liquid culture
can be heat fixed and Gram stained.
1
, A facultative anaerobe is a microorganism capable of growth under what conditions? -
ANSWER A facultative anaerobe is capable of growth under aerobic (with oxygen)
and anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions.
As Streptococcus is catalase negative would it thrive or die in the presence of peroxides?
Why? - ANSWER Streptococcus is catalse negative which means it cannot break
down peroxides and if any peroxides are present it would die.
Streptococcus is most often streaked onto: - ANSWER Blood agar
Strep is often cultured on Blood agar plates to determine its hemolytic properties, which
aids in the classification (and differentiation) process.
True or False. The Lancefield groups are used to subdivide antigenic groups of gamma-
hemolytic Streptococcus. - ANSWER False
The Lancefield groupings are used to subdivide beta-hemolytic Strep.
The distinctions for Lancefield subgroupings lie in its: (select all that apply)
Catalase activity
Hemolytic activity
Carbohydrate composition of antigens
All of the above - ANSWER Carbohydrate composition of antigens
Carbohydrate composition of antigens present in the cell wall determines the Lancefield
groupings (A, B, C, etc). Note, ALL strep under Lancefield groupings are (by definition)
2
Define the concept of universal precautions. - ANSWER Universal precautions means
any and all samples, whether known or unknown, are to be treated as potentially hazardous
(or pathogenic) materials.
List at least 3 observations a researcher would be sure to note while assessing an unknown
microbial sample. - ANSWER A lab researcher would be certain to note:
Size and shape
Any observable motility
Gram status (positive or negative)
The presence of any chemical reactions
Changes in color localized to the organism or the surrounding media
Capture (or draw) images of any of the characteristics described above
While observing an unknown sample of limited amounts, a researcher must determine the
following observations: (1) the presence of any motility and (2) its Gram status using the
same sample—the liquid sample cannot be divided. Which would you determine first and
why? - ANSWER You must determine motility before determining the Gram status.
Motility requires a wet mount, while Gram staining requires heat fixing the sample. If one
were to begin with the Gram stain the heat fixation process would kill the organism, making
any observations regarding motility impossible. The correct approach would be to place the
liquid culture on a glass slide and determine its motility status. Next, the same liquid culture
can be heat fixed and Gram stained.
1
, A facultative anaerobe is a microorganism capable of growth under what conditions? -
ANSWER A facultative anaerobe is capable of growth under aerobic (with oxygen)
and anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions.
As Streptococcus is catalase negative would it thrive or die in the presence of peroxides?
Why? - ANSWER Streptococcus is catalse negative which means it cannot break
down peroxides and if any peroxides are present it would die.
Streptococcus is most often streaked onto: - ANSWER Blood agar
Strep is often cultured on Blood agar plates to determine its hemolytic properties, which
aids in the classification (and differentiation) process.
True or False. The Lancefield groups are used to subdivide antigenic groups of gamma-
hemolytic Streptococcus. - ANSWER False
The Lancefield groupings are used to subdivide beta-hemolytic Strep.
The distinctions for Lancefield subgroupings lie in its: (select all that apply)
Catalase activity
Hemolytic activity
Carbohydrate composition of antigens
All of the above - ANSWER Carbohydrate composition of antigens
Carbohydrate composition of antigens present in the cell wall determines the Lancefield
groupings (A, B, C, etc). Note, ALL strep under Lancefield groupings are (by definition)
2
