0-100 Rule Every task is marked as 0% completed until it is finished, then marked as 100%
8/80 rule do not assign anything that takes less than eight hours so we allow resources sufficient
work to occupy them and we don't micromanage
8 and 80 Rule a project manager should avoid controlling tasks that take less than eight hours and should
not let more than two weeks go by without checking in
8 and 80 Rule a project manager should avoid controlling tasks that take less than eight hours and should
not let more than two weeks go by without checking in
50-50 Rule Assigns 50% compete once activity is started, and 100% upon completion. No in between,
every task is marked with either a 0%, 50%, or 100%
AC Actual Cost
Total dollar value of costs to date, includes work and invoices already paid as well as
expenses that have been incurred but not invoiced or paid
Accepting the risk is a response strategy where we recognize the risk and say that it is a part of the
project, normal business practice and the team will plan to accept it accordingly.
Active listening the following is important to understanding what others are saying both verbally and
nonverbally and for effective project management
Active listening the following is important to understanding what others are saying both verbally and
nonverbally and for effective project management
activities are the starting point for developing the project schedule because they identify specific
work that will need to occur in order to execute the project.
Activities are connected to two types of deliverables: Project management - communications, planning, execution, etc.
Project specific to the desired end result of this project
Activity Estimate Range (P−O)
Activity Estimate Standard Deviation P−O/6
Adjourning This only occurs when all the team's work has been completed and the team is no longer
required. This may occur at any time in the project life cycle.
Administrative activities during the project closing phase include performance report preparation, return of assets to
the sponsoring organizations, archival of records, and documentation of lessons learned.
Advantages of Functional (Departmentalized) Lines of authority are clear.
Departmental work is easily prioritized by identified departmental authority.
There is flexibility in the use of staff.
Subject matter experts (SME) available to work on multiple projects.
Knowledge and experience readily shared between functional specialists.
Technical continuity exists within the organization.
Professional growth and career paths for the staff are clearly defined.
Advantages of Functional (Departmentalized) Lines of authority are clear.
Departmental work is easily prioritized by identified departmental authority.
There is flexibility in the use of staff.
Subject matter experts (SME) available to work on multiple projects.
Knowledge and experience readily shared between functional specialists.
Technical continuity exists within the organization.
Professional growth and career paths for the staff are clearly defined.
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Advantages of Matrix Central focus is the project.
Project managers have access to a large reservoir of technically skilled people. Potentially
more access to SMEs as needed. More chance to get the most appropriate SME.
Project team members have less anxiety about the future.
Customer issues are responded to quickly.
Administrative personnel are not duplicated in each project team.
Resource balancing between projects is simpler and more efficient.
Project team organization is more flexible.
Advantages of Matrix Central focus is the project.
Project managers have access to a large reservoir of technically skilled people. Potentially
more access to SMEs as needed. More chance to get the most appropriate SME.
Project team members have less anxiety about the future.
Customer issues are responded to quickly.
Administrative personnel are not duplicated in each project team.
Resource balancing between projects is simpler and more efficient.
Project team organization is more flexible.
Advantages of Projectized Clear lines of authority, the project manager has full authority.
Once SMEs are assigned, there is less need to negotiate availability of resources.
Project is managed holistically.
Response to customer and stakeholder issues is faster and clearer.
Skilled project team can support several successive projects of the same type.
Timely decision making on project issues.
Organizational structure is simple, flexible, and easy to understand.
Advantages of Projectized Clear lines of authority, the project manager has full authority.
Once SMEs are assigned, there is less need to negotiate availability of resources.
Project is managed holistically.
Response to customer and stakeholder issues is faster and clearer.
Skilled project team can support several successive projects of the same type.
Timely decision making on project issues.
Organizational structure is simple, flexible, and easy to understand.
apportion method is based on the ratio method but takes into consideration specific functionality or types of
work that will be required.
BAC Budget at Completion
Approved total baseline budget approved for completed project
backward pass know the required end date of the project, we can start from the end date
baseline budget is the approved budget and will be used as the standard for comparison of actual costs
throughout the life of the project and identifying variances.
beta distribution uses the three estimates (optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic) but places emphasis on
the most likely estimate. Activity Duration=O+4M+P/6
Bottom-up estimation methods require that estimates be made at the detailed work activity level of the WBS.
Business scenario represents an important business need or issue and provides an opportunity for others to
create an appropriate, valuable solution
Business scenario represents an important business need or issue and provides an opportunity for others to
create an appropriate, valuable solution
business strategy consists of the activities, methods, tactics, etc. that will be employed to meet the business's
goals.
business strategy consists of the activities, methods, tactics, etc. that will be employed to meet the business's
goals.
Capable Uses factors that are relevant to the organization.
We would not expect one model to cover all dimensions of a project, we would want to
use models that cover their dimension comprehensively.
Change Management Plan Documents how changes to the project outcomes will be managed, approved,
implemented, and monitored.
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Change management reporting showing changes identified, requiring approval, and resolution.
The change management system is in place to formally identify, evaluate, decide, and communicate project changes.
Checklist project selection model use a series of questions to evaluate each potential project and then the answers to the
questions would be compared to determine whether a project is accepted or rejected.
Checklists are one way of monitoring that activities/tasks have been addressed and one method of
assuring that all needed documents are written.
Closing The closing phase of the project occurs when the project is completed to the customers'
satisfaction.
Closing The closing phase of the project occurs when the project is completed to the customers'
satisfaction.
collecting customer requirements The process of gathering information from the customer and stakeholders in order to
define the high level project outcomes
Co-located Teams involves team members physically working at the same location or holding project
meetings together in a common setup.
common components of project scope statements Project constraints, project acceptance criteria and technical requirements
Communications Management Plan Documents which information will be communicated, when it will be communicated, how
it will be communicated, and to whom.
Comparable The model should be usable across a range of projects such that the outcomes of the model
can be used to compare projects.
competitive necessity model require a project proposal, which includes justification, cost, and time estimates, as well as
documented outcomes.
Concurrent Activities sets of activities can be done at the same time.
Configuration Management Plan Documents how the project team and stakeholders will keep track of the versions of
project documents to ensure that the most up-to-date document is in use.
Contingency reserves are costs included in the budget to cover situations that may occur. If the project requires
the use of lumber, and lumber prices are known to fluctuate, then some portion of the
lumber costs may be included in a contingency reserve. In a restaurant, food costs are very
volatile and so the project must budget for those variances that can occur
corrective action is a document issued to identify quality failures and how they will be corrected. The
deliverable itself may need to be reworked and the project plan may need to be revised to
ensure that future deliverables do not include the same error.
Cost management is the process of measuring how close actual costs are to the budget and then making
changes in project execution as needed.
Cost Management Plan Explains how costs will be estimated, monitored, controlled during the project.
Cost Variance Determines if a project is meeting budget expectations
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