COLOR VISION FINAL EXAM | 164 QUESTIONMS AND
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
What are three main categories of contributors that lead to acquired color
vision deficiency? Answer - Ocular conditions, neurologic conditions, toxicities
Where in the pathway can breakdown lead to acquired color vision
deficiencies? (PRs, horizontal cells, BP cells, RGCs, LGN, V1, V2, anterior IT
cortex?) Answer - ANY of these places can lead to a problem
What are two rules that attempt to classify acquired CV deficiencies? Answer -
Kollner and Verriest
What is the jist of Kollner's Rule? Answer - Outer retinal disease or media--
>B/Y defect
Inner retinal, ON, pathways, cortex-->R/G defect
*There are many exceptions and some deficiencies change over time
T or F: Optic Neuritis affects CV, but when the condition resolves over time, and
CV deficiencies will resolve as well. Answer - FALSE- just because the condition
resolves over time, does not mean CV will!
In a patient with optic neuritis, initially the patient probably has what kind of
acquired CV deficiency? Answer - B/Y
,In a patient with optic neuritis, after 6mo the patient probably has what kind of
acquired CV deficiency? Answer - R/G
Is VA loss worse at the beginning or end of the course of optic neuritis?
Answer - beginning
T or F: Tritan defect is very rare congenitally. Answer - TRUE
If you see a tritan defect, do you suspect congenital or acquired? Answer -
acquired
What is the receptor proportion of a tritan defect? Answer - few S wave cones
Is a R/G defect typically congenital or acquired? Answer - congenital
What is more common, a R/G defect or a B/Y defect? Answer - R/G
T or F: If a patient has a R/G defect, we can rule out acquired CV deficiency and
assume it is congenital? Answer - FALSE
If a patient has a R/G defect, what family member should be assessed to find
out if the R/G defect is congenital vs acquired? Answer - maternal GF
Why did Claude Monet's painting 20 years later result in a completely different
painting? Answer - He developed NS which made his lens work like a yellow
filter, (acquired a B/Y defect), in addition his VA was decreased
, T or F: There is a general neural sensitivity loss with age.
T or F: A general neural sensitivity loss was demonstrated in Monet. Answer -
True
False
After cataract surgery, how does the world look to a patient? Answer - Too
blue and/or too bright
What kind of cataract changes primarily affect CV? Answer - NS
What are some things a patient can do to help in obtaining correct CV while
nuclear cataracts are present? Answer - increase illumination, avoid glare,
remove cataracts
What happens to the pupil with age that makes the effects nuclear lens
changes WORSE? Answer - miosis of pupil with age because light has to go
through the thickest part of the lens
T or F: There is color constancy with age, meaning that color perception is
stable because the brain knows how to perceive colors. Answer - TRUE
T or F: If you do a CV test on an older patient and it shows they have a color
deficiency, we know that they are perceiving color differently. Answer - FALSE
due to color constancy- brain overrides
What are three things that should NOT affect CV? Answer - corneal scars
(cortical sclerosis, PSE), white cataracts, and vitreous opacity
T or F: Optic neuropathy and retina/macula conditions contribute to acquired
CV deficiencies? Answer - TRUE
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
What are three main categories of contributors that lead to acquired color
vision deficiency? Answer - Ocular conditions, neurologic conditions, toxicities
Where in the pathway can breakdown lead to acquired color vision
deficiencies? (PRs, horizontal cells, BP cells, RGCs, LGN, V1, V2, anterior IT
cortex?) Answer - ANY of these places can lead to a problem
What are two rules that attempt to classify acquired CV deficiencies? Answer -
Kollner and Verriest
What is the jist of Kollner's Rule? Answer - Outer retinal disease or media--
>B/Y defect
Inner retinal, ON, pathways, cortex-->R/G defect
*There are many exceptions and some deficiencies change over time
T or F: Optic Neuritis affects CV, but when the condition resolves over time, and
CV deficiencies will resolve as well. Answer - FALSE- just because the condition
resolves over time, does not mean CV will!
In a patient with optic neuritis, initially the patient probably has what kind of
acquired CV deficiency? Answer - B/Y
,In a patient with optic neuritis, after 6mo the patient probably has what kind of
acquired CV deficiency? Answer - R/G
Is VA loss worse at the beginning or end of the course of optic neuritis?
Answer - beginning
T or F: Tritan defect is very rare congenitally. Answer - TRUE
If you see a tritan defect, do you suspect congenital or acquired? Answer -
acquired
What is the receptor proportion of a tritan defect? Answer - few S wave cones
Is a R/G defect typically congenital or acquired? Answer - congenital
What is more common, a R/G defect or a B/Y defect? Answer - R/G
T or F: If a patient has a R/G defect, we can rule out acquired CV deficiency and
assume it is congenital? Answer - FALSE
If a patient has a R/G defect, what family member should be assessed to find
out if the R/G defect is congenital vs acquired? Answer - maternal GF
Why did Claude Monet's painting 20 years later result in a completely different
painting? Answer - He developed NS which made his lens work like a yellow
filter, (acquired a B/Y defect), in addition his VA was decreased
, T or F: There is a general neural sensitivity loss with age.
T or F: A general neural sensitivity loss was demonstrated in Monet. Answer -
True
False
After cataract surgery, how does the world look to a patient? Answer - Too
blue and/or too bright
What kind of cataract changes primarily affect CV? Answer - NS
What are some things a patient can do to help in obtaining correct CV while
nuclear cataracts are present? Answer - increase illumination, avoid glare,
remove cataracts
What happens to the pupil with age that makes the effects nuclear lens
changes WORSE? Answer - miosis of pupil with age because light has to go
through the thickest part of the lens
T or F: There is color constancy with age, meaning that color perception is
stable because the brain knows how to perceive colors. Answer - TRUE
T or F: If you do a CV test on an older patient and it shows they have a color
deficiency, we know that they are perceiving color differently. Answer - FALSE
due to color constancy- brain overrides
What are three things that should NOT affect CV? Answer - corneal scars
(cortical sclerosis, PSE), white cataracts, and vitreous opacity
T or F: Optic neuropathy and retina/macula conditions contribute to acquired
CV deficiencies? Answer - TRUE
