Nursing Pharmacology MCQ Study Guide – Goodman & Gilman Based Practice Bank

Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
• Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn
Knollmann




(Goodman & Gilman–Only | Exam-Ready |
Nursing-Focused)



Test Bank — Drug Discovery: From Medicinal Plants to
Computer-Aided Drug Design (Goodman & Gilman, 14e)


1. Which approach to drug discovery begins with observation
of a clinical effect before identification of the molecular
target?

,A. Target-based screening
B. Rational drug design
C. Phenotypic screening
D. Structure-based modeling
Answer: C
Rationale: Phenotypic screening identifies compounds based
on observed biologic effects first, with target identification
occurring later.
Source: Goodman & Gilman, 14e — Drug Discovery: From
Medicinal Plants to Computer-Aided Drug Design


2. A major advantage of target-based drug discovery is that it:
A. Eliminates the need for biological testing
B. Starts with a defined molecular target
C. Avoids pharmacokinetic evaluation
D. Guarantees clinical success
Answer: B
Rationale: Target-based discovery begins with a known
molecular target believed to be involved in disease.
Source: Goodman & Gilman, 14e — Drug Discovery chapter


3. Natural products remain important in drug discovery
primarily because they:

,A. Are always safer than synthetic drugs
B. Provide structurally diverse bioactive compounds
C. Do not require optimization
D. Bypass regulatory testing
Answer: B
Rationale: The chapter emphasizes that natural products offer
high structural diversity and biologic activity useful for lead
discovery.
Source: Goodman & Gilman, 14e — Drug Discovery chapter


4. A “lead compound” in drug development refers to a
substance that:
A. Has completed phase III trials
B. Is approved for marketing
C. Shows promising biologic activity for further optimization
D. Has no toxicity
Answer: C
Rationale: A lead compound demonstrates activity and serves
as a starting point for chemical modification and optimization.
Source: Goodman & Gilman, 14e — Drug Discovery chapter


5. Lead optimization primarily aims to improve which
properties?

, A. Only color and stability
B. Potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetics
C. Tablet coating characteristics
D. Manufacturing speed only
Answer: B
Rationale: Lead optimization focuses on enhancing potency,
selectivity, and ADME-related properties.
Source: Goodman & Gilman, 14e — Drug Discovery chapter


6. High-throughput screening (HTS) is best described as:
A. Manual testing of one compound at a time
B. Testing drugs only in animals
C. Automated testing of many compounds against a target
D. Post-marketing surveillance
Answer: C
Rationale: HTS uses automated systems to rapidly test large
compound libraries against defined targets.
Source: Goodman & Gilman, 14e — Drug Discovery chapter


7. Structure-based drug design depends directly on knowledge
of the:
A. Drug’s retail cost
B. Target macromolecule’s 3D structure