NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam with A+ Graded
Answers Latest Version.
Asthma - correct answer Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - correct answer coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - correct answer -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity
and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - correct answer smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become
the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - correct answer innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
,lamina propria - correct answer the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - correct answer embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - correct answer white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - correct answer the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host
tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct answer columnar epithelial
ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct answer smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - correct answer control the airways ability
to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - correct answer When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - correct answer the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - correct answer -expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
, What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - correct answer tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - correct answer These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - correct answer the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors
of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - correct answer inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - correct answer bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - correct answer The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and
tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - correct answer cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Midterm Exam with A+ Graded
Answers Latest Version.
Asthma - correct answer Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - correct answer coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - correct answer -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity
and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - correct answer smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become
the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - correct answer innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
,lamina propria - correct answer the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - correct answer embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - correct answer white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - correct answer the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host
tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct answer columnar epithelial
ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct answer smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - correct answer control the airways ability
to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - correct answer When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - correct answer the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - correct answer -expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
, What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - correct answer tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - correct answer These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - correct answer the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors
of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - correct answer inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - correct answer bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - correct answer The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and
tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - correct answer cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
