Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology, 8th Edition by Sue E. Huether, Kathryn L. McCance and Valentina L. Brashers isbn-9780323937283

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1. Cellular Biology
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2. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
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3. The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
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4. Genes and Genetic Diseases
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5. Epigenetics and Disease
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6. Genes, Environment–Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
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7. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
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8. Adaptive Immunity
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9. Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
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10. Infection
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11. Stress and Disease
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12. Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer
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13. Alterations in Oxygen Transport
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14. Alterations in Hemostasis and Coagulation
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15. Alterations in White Blood Cell Function
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16. Alterations in Cardiovascular Function
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17. Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
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18. Alterations of Pulmonary Function
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19. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
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20. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
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21. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
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22. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
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23. Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
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24. Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function
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25. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
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26. Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction
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27. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
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28. Structure and Function of the Endocrine System
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29. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
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30. Alterations of Endocrine Function
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31. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
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32. Alterations of Digestive Function
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33. Alterations of Liver and Biliary Function
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34. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
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35. Alterations of Reproductive Function
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Chapter 1. Cellular Biology lp lp lp




MULTIPLE CHOICE lp




1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled D
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NA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
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a. A single circular chromosome
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b. A nucleus lp




c. Free-floating nuclear material lp lp




d. No organelles lp




ANS: B lp




The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus
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; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome is characteristic of prokaryoti
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c cells, which do not have histones. Free-
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floating nuclear material describes a prokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct nucleus. Eu
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karyotic cells have membrane- lp lp lp



bound cellular components called organelles. No organelles describe a prokaryotic cell.
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2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is t
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he nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
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nutrients to energy? lp lp




a. Metabolic absorption lp




b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration

ANS: D lp




The ability of the cell to absorb oxygen refers to the cells function of respiration. The ability of th
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e cell to function within a society of cells refers to its function of communication. The ability of th
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e cell to take in nutrients refers to the cells function of metabolic absorption.The ability of the cel
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l to synthesize new substances and secrete these elsewhere refers to the cells function of secretio
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n.




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3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would m
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ost of the genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus

ANS: C lp




The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid,
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most of the DNA, and DNA-
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binding proteins, is the nucleolus. The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration. The ribosom
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es are involved in the manufacturing of proteins within the cell. The nucleus contains the nucleolu
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s, and it is the nucleolus that contains genetic material.
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4. The fluid- lp



mosaic model for biologic membranes describes membrane behavior. According to this
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model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the fluid lipid bilayer?
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a. Peripheral membrane proteins lp lp




b. Integral membrane proteins lp lp




c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules lp lp




ANS: B lp




Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins are
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not embedded in the layer, but reside at the surface. Glycoproteins act as cell surface markers. Cell
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adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane and allow cells to hook together.
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