1
EducationMathematics education spans a wide range of topics, from basic arithmetic and algebra to more advanced areas like calculus, statistics, and abstract algebra. Mathematics is crucial in many industries, including engineering,
finance, data science, and technology
Solution Manual For
Modern Database Management 9th Edition by Hoffer
Chapter 1-16 With Appendix [A B C]
Chapter 1 The Database Environment
Chapter Overview
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce students to the database approach to
information systems development, and to the important concepts and principles of this approach.
This is an important chapter because it should convey a sense of the central importance of
databases in today‘s information systems environment. The idea of an organizational database is
intuitively appealing to most students. However, many students will have little or no background
or experience with databases. Others will have had some experience with a PC database (such as
Microsoft Access), and consequently will have a limited perspective concerning an
organizational approach to databases.
In this chapter we introduce the basic concepts and definitions of databases. We contrast
data with information, and introduce the notion of metadata and its importance. We contrast the
database approach with older file processing systems, and introduce the Pine Valley Furniture
Company case to illustrate these concepts. We describe the range of database applications from
personal computer databases to enterprise databases and identify key decisions that must be
made for each type of database. We describe both the potential benefits and typical costs of
using this approach. We conclude the chapter by tracing the historical evolution of database
systems.
Chapter Objectives
Specific student learning objectives are included at the beginning of each chapter. From
an instructor‟s point of view, the objectives of this chapter are to:
1. Create a sense of excitement concerning the database field, and the types of job
opportunities that are available.
2. Introduce the key terms and definitions that describe the database environment.
3. Describe data models and how they are used to capture the nature and relationships
among data.
4. Acquaint students with the broad spectrum of database applications, and how
organizations are using database applications for competitive advantage.
5. Describe the major components of the database environment, and how these components
interact with each other.
6. Introduce the Pine Valley Furniture Company case, which is used throughout the text to
illustrate important concepts.
7. Introduce the Mountain View Community Hospital case, which is included at the end of
each chapter as a source for student projects.
, 2
Key Terms
Constraint Database Management System Information
Data (DBMS) Metadata
Data independence Enterprise data model Relational database
Data warehouse Enterprise resource planning Repository
Database (ERP) systems User view
Database application Entity
EducationMathematics education spans a wide range of topics, from basic arithmetic and algebra to more advanced areas like calculus, statistics, and abstract algebra. Mathematics is crucial in many industries, including engineering,
finance, data science, and technology
Classroom Ideas
1. Start with a discussion of how students interact with databases on a daily basis (credit
card transactions, shopping cards, telephone calls, cell phone contact lists, downloadable
music, etc.). If you teach in a classroom with computers, ask students to find examples of
websites that appear to be accessing databases.
2. Contrast the terms, data and information. Using Figure 1-1 as a starting point, have the
students provide some good examples of data and information from their own
experiences. This may well lead to some differences of opinion, and the conclusion that
one person‘s data may be another person‘s information.
3. Introduce the concept of metadata using Table 1-1. Ask the students to suggest other
metadata that might be appropriate for this example.
4. Introduce data models using Figure 1-2. Discuss the differences between an enterprise
data model and a project data model, using Figure 1-2 (a) and (b).
5. Discuss file processing systems and their limitations, using Figure 1-3 and Table 1-2.
Emphasize that many of these systems are still in use today.
6. Introduce the database approach and its advantages, using Figure1-4.
7. Introduce the students to the major components of the database environment (Figure 1-5).
Stress the interfaces between these components and the fact that they can ―make or
break‖ a database implementation.
8. Discuss the range of database applications (personal computer to enterprise), using
Figures 1-6 through 1-8 and Table 1-6. Ask your students to give other examples of each
of these types of databases.
9. Introduce the concept of a data warehouse as a type of enterprise database. This topic is
described in detail in Chapter 11.
10. Discuss each of the advantages of the database approach (Table 1-3). Stress that these
advantages can only be achieved through strong organizational planning and
commitment. Also discuss the costs and risks of the database approach (Table 1-4).
11. Review the evolution of database technologies and the significance of each era (Figure 1-
9). Add your own perspective to the directions that this field is likely to take in the
future.
12. If time permits, have the students answer several problems and exercises in class.
13. Use the project case to reinforce concepts discussed in class. Students can be assigned to
work on this case in class if time permits, or it can be used as a homework assignment.
14. If time permits, use Teradata University Network resources to demonstrate the structure
and contents of a relational database for some of the textbook datasets. Demonstrate, or
lead students through, some simple SQL retrieval exercises against the textbook
, 3
databases.
Answers to Review Questions
EducationMathematics education spans a wide range of topics, from basic arithmetic and algebra to more advanced areas like calculus, statistics, and abstract algebra. Mathematics is crucial in many industries, including engineering,
finance, data science, and technology
1. Define each of the following key terms:
a. Data. Stored representations of objects and events that have meaning and importance
in the user‘s environment.
b. Information. Data that have been processed in such a way as to increase the
knowledge of the person who uses it.
c. Metadata. Data that describes the properties or characteristics of end-user data and
the context of that data.
d. Database application. An application program (or set of related programs) that is
used to perform a series of database activities (create, read, update, and delete) on
behalf of database users.
e. Data warehouse. An integrated decision support database whose content is derived
from the various operational databases.
f. Constraint. A rule that cannot be violated by database users.
g. Database. An organized collection of logically related data.
h. Entity A person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about
which the organization wishes to maintain data.
i. Database management system. A software system that is used to create, maintain, and
provide controlled access to user databases.
2. Match the following terms and definitions:
c data
b database application
l constraint
g repository
f metadata
m data warehouse
a information
j user view
k database management system
h data independence
e database
i enterprise resource systems planning (ERP)
d enterprise data model
3. Contrast the following terms:
a. Data dependence; data independence. With data dependence, data descriptions
are included with the application programs that use the data, while with data
independence the data descriptions are separated from the application programs.
b. Data warehouse; data mining. A data warehouse is an integrated decision
support database, while data mining (described in the chapter introduction) is the
process of extracting useful information from databases.
, 4
c. Data; information. Data consist of facts, text, and other multimedia objects,
while information is data that have been processed in such a way that it can
increase the knowledge of the person who uses it.
d. Repository; database. A repository is a centralized storehouse for all data
definitions, data relationships, and other system components, while a database is
an organized collection of logically related data.
e. Entity; enterprise data model. An entity is an object or concept that is important
to the business, while an enterprise data model is a graphical model that shows the
high-level entities for the organization and the relationship among those entities.
f. Data warehouse; ERP system. Both use enterprise level data. Data warehouses
store historical data at a chosen level of granularity or detail, and are used for data
analysis purposes, to discover relationships and correlations about customers,
products, and so forth that may be used in strategic decision making. ERP systems
integrate operational data at the enterprise level, integrating all facets of the
business, including marketing, production, sales, and so forth.
EducationMathematics education spans a wide range of topics, from basic arithmetic and algebra to more advanced areas like calculus, statistics, and abstract algebra. Mathematics is crucial in many industries, including engineering,
finance, data science, and technology
4. Five disadvantages of file processing systems:
a. Program-data dependence
b. Duplication of data
c. Limited data sharing
d. Lengthy development times
e. Excessive program maintenance
5. Two ways to convert data to information:
a. Put data in context by providing structure.
b. Summarize or process and present them for human interpretation.
EducationMathematics education spans a wide range of topics, from basic arithmetic and algebra to more advanced areas like calculus, statistics, and abstract algebra. Mathematics is crucial in many industries, including engineering,
finance, data science, and technology
Solution Manual For
Modern Database Management 9th Edition by Hoffer
Chapter 1-16 With Appendix [A B C]
Chapter 1 The Database Environment
Chapter Overview
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce students to the database approach to
information systems development, and to the important concepts and principles of this approach.
This is an important chapter because it should convey a sense of the central importance of
databases in today‘s information systems environment. The idea of an organizational database is
intuitively appealing to most students. However, many students will have little or no background
or experience with databases. Others will have had some experience with a PC database (such as
Microsoft Access), and consequently will have a limited perspective concerning an
organizational approach to databases.
In this chapter we introduce the basic concepts and definitions of databases. We contrast
data with information, and introduce the notion of metadata and its importance. We contrast the
database approach with older file processing systems, and introduce the Pine Valley Furniture
Company case to illustrate these concepts. We describe the range of database applications from
personal computer databases to enterprise databases and identify key decisions that must be
made for each type of database. We describe both the potential benefits and typical costs of
using this approach. We conclude the chapter by tracing the historical evolution of database
systems.
Chapter Objectives
Specific student learning objectives are included at the beginning of each chapter. From
an instructor‟s point of view, the objectives of this chapter are to:
1. Create a sense of excitement concerning the database field, and the types of job
opportunities that are available.
2. Introduce the key terms and definitions that describe the database environment.
3. Describe data models and how they are used to capture the nature and relationships
among data.
4. Acquaint students with the broad spectrum of database applications, and how
organizations are using database applications for competitive advantage.
5. Describe the major components of the database environment, and how these components
interact with each other.
6. Introduce the Pine Valley Furniture Company case, which is used throughout the text to
illustrate important concepts.
7. Introduce the Mountain View Community Hospital case, which is included at the end of
each chapter as a source for student projects.
, 2
Key Terms
Constraint Database Management System Information
Data (DBMS) Metadata
Data independence Enterprise data model Relational database
Data warehouse Enterprise resource planning Repository
Database (ERP) systems User view
Database application Entity
EducationMathematics education spans a wide range of topics, from basic arithmetic and algebra to more advanced areas like calculus, statistics, and abstract algebra. Mathematics is crucial in many industries, including engineering,
finance, data science, and technology
Classroom Ideas
1. Start with a discussion of how students interact with databases on a daily basis (credit
card transactions, shopping cards, telephone calls, cell phone contact lists, downloadable
music, etc.). If you teach in a classroom with computers, ask students to find examples of
websites that appear to be accessing databases.
2. Contrast the terms, data and information. Using Figure 1-1 as a starting point, have the
students provide some good examples of data and information from their own
experiences. This may well lead to some differences of opinion, and the conclusion that
one person‘s data may be another person‘s information.
3. Introduce the concept of metadata using Table 1-1. Ask the students to suggest other
metadata that might be appropriate for this example.
4. Introduce data models using Figure 1-2. Discuss the differences between an enterprise
data model and a project data model, using Figure 1-2 (a) and (b).
5. Discuss file processing systems and their limitations, using Figure 1-3 and Table 1-2.
Emphasize that many of these systems are still in use today.
6. Introduce the database approach and its advantages, using Figure1-4.
7. Introduce the students to the major components of the database environment (Figure 1-5).
Stress the interfaces between these components and the fact that they can ―make or
break‖ a database implementation.
8. Discuss the range of database applications (personal computer to enterprise), using
Figures 1-6 through 1-8 and Table 1-6. Ask your students to give other examples of each
of these types of databases.
9. Introduce the concept of a data warehouse as a type of enterprise database. This topic is
described in detail in Chapter 11.
10. Discuss each of the advantages of the database approach (Table 1-3). Stress that these
advantages can only be achieved through strong organizational planning and
commitment. Also discuss the costs and risks of the database approach (Table 1-4).
11. Review the evolution of database technologies and the significance of each era (Figure 1-
9). Add your own perspective to the directions that this field is likely to take in the
future.
12. If time permits, have the students answer several problems and exercises in class.
13. Use the project case to reinforce concepts discussed in class. Students can be assigned to
work on this case in class if time permits, or it can be used as a homework assignment.
14. If time permits, use Teradata University Network resources to demonstrate the structure
and contents of a relational database for some of the textbook datasets. Demonstrate, or
lead students through, some simple SQL retrieval exercises against the textbook
, 3
databases.
Answers to Review Questions
EducationMathematics education spans a wide range of topics, from basic arithmetic and algebra to more advanced areas like calculus, statistics, and abstract algebra. Mathematics is crucial in many industries, including engineering,
finance, data science, and technology
1. Define each of the following key terms:
a. Data. Stored representations of objects and events that have meaning and importance
in the user‘s environment.
b. Information. Data that have been processed in such a way as to increase the
knowledge of the person who uses it.
c. Metadata. Data that describes the properties or characteristics of end-user data and
the context of that data.
d. Database application. An application program (or set of related programs) that is
used to perform a series of database activities (create, read, update, and delete) on
behalf of database users.
e. Data warehouse. An integrated decision support database whose content is derived
from the various operational databases.
f. Constraint. A rule that cannot be violated by database users.
g. Database. An organized collection of logically related data.
h. Entity A person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about
which the organization wishes to maintain data.
i. Database management system. A software system that is used to create, maintain, and
provide controlled access to user databases.
2. Match the following terms and definitions:
c data
b database application
l constraint
g repository
f metadata
m data warehouse
a information
j user view
k database management system
h data independence
e database
i enterprise resource systems planning (ERP)
d enterprise data model
3. Contrast the following terms:
a. Data dependence; data independence. With data dependence, data descriptions
are included with the application programs that use the data, while with data
independence the data descriptions are separated from the application programs.
b. Data warehouse; data mining. A data warehouse is an integrated decision
support database, while data mining (described in the chapter introduction) is the
process of extracting useful information from databases.
, 4
c. Data; information. Data consist of facts, text, and other multimedia objects,
while information is data that have been processed in such a way that it can
increase the knowledge of the person who uses it.
d. Repository; database. A repository is a centralized storehouse for all data
definitions, data relationships, and other system components, while a database is
an organized collection of logically related data.
e. Entity; enterprise data model. An entity is an object or concept that is important
to the business, while an enterprise data model is a graphical model that shows the
high-level entities for the organization and the relationship among those entities.
f. Data warehouse; ERP system. Both use enterprise level data. Data warehouses
store historical data at a chosen level of granularity or detail, and are used for data
analysis purposes, to discover relationships and correlations about customers,
products, and so forth that may be used in strategic decision making. ERP systems
integrate operational data at the enterprise level, integrating all facets of the
business, including marketing, production, sales, and so forth.
EducationMathematics education spans a wide range of topics, from basic arithmetic and algebra to more advanced areas like calculus, statistics, and abstract algebra. Mathematics is crucial in many industries, including engineering,
finance, data science, and technology
4. Five disadvantages of file processing systems:
a. Program-data dependence
b. Duplication of data
c. Limited data sharing
d. Lengthy development times
e. Excessive program maintenance
5. Two ways to convert data to information:
a. Put data in context by providing structure.
b. Summarize or process and present them for human interpretation.
