NURS 6630 EXAM / ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURS 6630 FINAL EXAM
ACTUAL PRACTICE EXAM COMPLETE APPROVED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
NEWEST UPDATED VERSION 2026/2027 |GUARANTEED PASS A+ |FULL REVISED
NURS 6630 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
1. A patient present with hyperthyroidism. Which laboratory finding
would be expected?
A) decreased T3 and T4, elevated TSH
B) Correct Answer. increased T3 and T4, suppressed TSH
C) increased T3 and T4, increased TSH
D) decreased T3 and T4, suppressed TSH
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by elevated thyroid
hormones (T3 and T4) which suppress TSH through negative
feedback.
2. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of type
2 diabetes mellitus?
A) autoimmune destruction of beta cells
B) Correct Answer. insulin resistance with relative insulin
deficiency
C) absolute insulin deficiency
D) excess glucagon production
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes involves peripheral insulin resistance
and beta cells eventually fail to compensate. Type 1 is autoimmune
with absolute insulin deficiency.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease develops metabolic acidosis.
Which mechanism explains this?
A) decreased renal bicarbonate excretion
, B) Correct Answer. decreased renal excretion of hydrogen ions
C) increased renal synthesis of bicarbonate
D) increased renal ammonia production
Rationale: CKD reduces the kidneys’ ability to excrete hydrogen
ions, leading to accumulation and metabolic acidosis.
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
chronic renal failure?
A) hypokalemia
B) Correct Answer. hyperkalemia
C) hypocalcemia
D) hypernatremia
Rationale: CKD reduces potassium excretion, causing
hyperkalemia. Hypocalcemia can occur later due to secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
5. A patient present with jaundice and elevated AST and ALT. Which
condition is most likely?
A) Correct Answer. hepatitis
B) cholestasis
C) hemolysis
D) biliary obstruction
Rationale: Hepatitis causes hepatocellular injury, leading to
elevated AST and ALT. Cholestasis typically elevates ALP and
bilirubin.
6. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of
atherosclerosis?
, A) vasospasm of coronary arteries
B) Correct Answer. endothelial injury leading to lipid
accumulation and plaque formation
C) autoimmune attack on vascular smooth muscle
D) infection of arterial walls
Rationale: Atherosclerosis starts with endothelial injury, attracting
lipids and inflammatory cells, forming plaques.
7. Which hormone is primarily responsible for water reabsorption in
the kidneys?
A) aldosterone
B) Correct Answer. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) atrial natriuretic peptide
D) renin
Rationale: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting
ducts; aldosterone mainly regulates sodium and potassium.
8. A patient present with hypotension and tachycardia following
sepsis. What type of shock is this?
A) cardiogenic
B) Correct Answer. distributive (septic) shock
C) hypovolemic
D) obstructive
Rationale: Septic shock is a form of distributive shock
characterized by vasodilation, hypotension, and tachycardia.
ACTUAL PRACTICE EXAM COMPLETE APPROVED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
NEWEST UPDATED VERSION 2026/2027 |GUARANTEED PASS A+ |FULL REVISED
NURS 6630 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
1. A patient present with hyperthyroidism. Which laboratory finding
would be expected?
A) decreased T3 and T4, elevated TSH
B) Correct Answer. increased T3 and T4, suppressed TSH
C) increased T3 and T4, increased TSH
D) decreased T3 and T4, suppressed TSH
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by elevated thyroid
hormones (T3 and T4) which suppress TSH through negative
feedback.
2. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of type
2 diabetes mellitus?
A) autoimmune destruction of beta cells
B) Correct Answer. insulin resistance with relative insulin
deficiency
C) absolute insulin deficiency
D) excess glucagon production
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes involves peripheral insulin resistance
and beta cells eventually fail to compensate. Type 1 is autoimmune
with absolute insulin deficiency.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease develops metabolic acidosis.
Which mechanism explains this?
A) decreased renal bicarbonate excretion
, B) Correct Answer. decreased renal excretion of hydrogen ions
C) increased renal synthesis of bicarbonate
D) increased renal ammonia production
Rationale: CKD reduces the kidneys’ ability to excrete hydrogen
ions, leading to accumulation and metabolic acidosis.
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
chronic renal failure?
A) hypokalemia
B) Correct Answer. hyperkalemia
C) hypocalcemia
D) hypernatremia
Rationale: CKD reduces potassium excretion, causing
hyperkalemia. Hypocalcemia can occur later due to secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
5. A patient present with jaundice and elevated AST and ALT. Which
condition is most likely?
A) Correct Answer. hepatitis
B) cholestasis
C) hemolysis
D) biliary obstruction
Rationale: Hepatitis causes hepatocellular injury, leading to
elevated AST and ALT. Cholestasis typically elevates ALP and
bilirubin.
6. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of
atherosclerosis?
, A) vasospasm of coronary arteries
B) Correct Answer. endothelial injury leading to lipid
accumulation and plaque formation
C) autoimmune attack on vascular smooth muscle
D) infection of arterial walls
Rationale: Atherosclerosis starts with endothelial injury, attracting
lipids and inflammatory cells, forming plaques.
7. Which hormone is primarily responsible for water reabsorption in
the kidneys?
A) aldosterone
B) Correct Answer. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) atrial natriuretic peptide
D) renin
Rationale: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting
ducts; aldosterone mainly regulates sodium and potassium.
8. A patient present with hypotension and tachycardia following
sepsis. What type of shock is this?
A) cardiogenic
B) Correct Answer. distributive (septic) shock
C) hypovolemic
D) obstructive
Rationale: Septic shock is a form of distributive shock
characterized by vasodilation, hypotension, and tachycardia.
