NR507 Final Exam 2025 /2026 NR 507 Week 8 Exam Advanced Pathophysiology Expected Questions and Answers (2024 / 2025) (Verified Answers)- Chamberlain

Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (New 2025/ 2026 Update)
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Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers|
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v 100% Correct Elaborations | GradeA– Chamberlain
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1. What are the two main functions of the kidney Review diagram for anatomical structures
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1. Filtration and collection v v




Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a shorter urethra. True/False
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True




Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
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v Increase water consumption
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Use spermicides during sexual intercourse
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v Taking more Vitamin D
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Douching to prevent the growth of bacteria Increase
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v water consumption
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, Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (New 2025/ 2026 Update) v v v v v v v v




v Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers| 100% v v v v v v




Correct Elaborations | Grade A – Chamberlain
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A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
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Fever
Flank pain
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v Urgency

Decreased Urination v




v Urgency




Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection? It
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v is usually asymptomatic
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Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
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v Bacteria are located mostly in the lower urinary tract Is
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v associated with young adults v v v




Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
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Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
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v Perimenopause

Frequent showering v




v Marathon running v




v Pregnancy

Pregnancy

, Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (New 2025/ 2026 Update)
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Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers|
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v 100% Correct Elaborations | GradeA– Chamberlain v v v v v v v v




1. Where do bacteria commonly come from in UTI's
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2. Where can a UTI occur? v v v v




3. It is more common for women to develop a UTI especially when
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1. Bacteria from the gut can invade the urinary epithelium to cause inflammation and infection
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2. anywhere along the urinary tract such as the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney
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3. pregnant, sexually active, during post-menopause with estrogen-deficiency and when being
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treated with antibiotics where the normal bacteria flora is diminished
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1. Escherichia coli can bind to cells in the lower urinary tract and hide from the immune cells.
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The bacteria can form biofilms-what is this?
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2. Describe the pathophysiology of a UTI that can lead to septic shock or bacterimia
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v Note the diagram btw a male & female urinary tracts (who's is much shorter)
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1. A biofilm is any group of microorganisms that allow them to stick to one another and adhere to
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surfaces that help them survive.
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2. First, bacteria enter and contaminate the lower urinary tract. This causes the colonization of
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bacteria in the urethra and the bladder. If the UTI progresses the bacteria can ascend to the
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kidneys and colonize there. At this point, the infection becomes an upper UTI. From there, if left
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untreated, the bacteria can spread into the circulation via the renal veins causing bacteremia
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UTI risk factors
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1. For women, pregnancy is a risk factor. why?
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, Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (New 2025/ 2026 Update)
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vAdvanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Answers| v v v v v




v 100% Correct Elaborations | GradeA– Chamberlain
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2. The female ureter is shorter and
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3. Post-menopausal women are also at risk because v v v v v v




4. Sexual intercourse is a risk factor especially if women use
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5. Indwelling urinary catheterization is also a major cause of a UTI
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1. During pregnancy, progesterone relaxes smooth muscle that causes stasis of urine, allowing
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the bacteria to colonize
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2. allows for the entrance of bacteria into the urethra.
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3. lack of estrogen results in vaginal and urethral dryness promoting an environment for bacteria
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growth.
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4. spermicides

5. Fibrinogen accumulates on the catheter which provides an ideal environment for the
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attachment of uropathogens that then form biofilms. This results in epithelial damage
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Lower vs. Upper Tract Disorders
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1. Lower UTI's include what parts of the urinary tract
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2. In a lower urinary tract disorder, the individual experiences (blank) Other common symptoms
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include
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