NCCQ anatomy and physiology revision- the endocrine
system || QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Which system is one of the most complicated of the body systems and consists of glands widely
separated from each other with no direct anatomical links? correct answers The endocrine system
What does the word "endocrine" mean? correct answers Secreting internally
How do endocrine glands perform their functions? correct answers By extracting substances (raw
materials) from blood and tissue fluids, and creating new substances called hormones
How are hormones transported and what do they act upon? correct answers Hormones are
secreted into the blood and lymph circulation, to be transported to the specific organs and
structures, upon which they exert influence and control.
What are the hormones often referred to as? correct answers Chemical messengers
Name the major glands of the endocrine system. correct answers Pituitary, thyroid and
parathyroids, adrenals, Islets of Langerhans and the gonads
Situated in the brain, which gland, together with the hypothalamus, regulates the activity of most
of the other endocrine glands? correct answers The pituitary gland
Give two other names for the pituitary gland. correct answers The hypophyseal or "master" gland
How do substances produced by the pituitary gland act? correct answers Directly and indirectly
Direct = carried out by the pituitary by its own actions
Indirect = carried out by the pituitary by it regulating other glands
Describe some of the direct functions of the pituitary gland. correct answers • Regulation of
growth, development and sexual maturation of the young
• Regulation of water excretion and retention
• Regulation of lactation in the new mother
Describe some of the indirect functions of the pituitary gland. correct answers • Regulation of
assimilation and metabolism of foods by action on the thyroid
• Regulation of body composition, adaptation, and resistance to stress by action on the adrenal
gland
• Regulation of sexual development, activity and reproduction by action on the gonads
• Regulation of respiration, circulation, digestion, urinary excretion, and muscular activity by
combined actions of many hormones
Which gland is often referred to as the conductor of the endocrine orchestra? correct answers
Pituitary/master/hypophyseal gland
, Which gland, positioned in the front of the trachea, produces and secretes substances important
to the control and rate of certain metabolic processes, plus the normal growth and development
of the young? correct answers The thyroid gland
Which two chemical elements is the thyroid heavily involved with? correct answers The thyroid
helps to regulate blood calcium levels.
Iodine is stored in the thyroid gland and is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones.
Which four small glands, each about the size of a pea, are situated in the lobes of the thyroid
gland? correct answers The parathyroids
Give the main functions of the parathyroid glands. correct answers Their primary functions
include the maintenance of normal blood calcium levels and the regulation of phosphate
metabolism
Which two glands, situated at the top of the kidneys, secrete hormones which help regulate fluid
and electrolyte balance of the body? correct answers The adrenals
Name some of the hormones released by the adrenals and describe their relative importance.
correct answers Some hormones released, including adrenalin, though not essential to life, are
important in helping the body to respond to danger, stress and competitive activities.
The adrenal steroids, however, are essential to life
Which cell groups distributed throughout the pancreas, secrete the hormone insulin, and other
hormones, which control the glucose level in the blood? correct answers The islets of
Langerhans (islet cells)
What is insulin necessary for the proper use of? correct answers The body must have insulin to
use sugars and starch properly
Which glands release hormones in the female, essential to the normal cyclic changes of
menstruation, and preparation of the uterine lining for pregnancy? correct answers The ovaries
Name two major hormones released by the ovaries. correct answers Oestrogen and progesterone
What function does the hormone oestrogen have? correct answers Oestrogen is a female
hormone which controls development of the female characteristics and female sex libido
What function does the hormone progesterone have? correct answers The hormone, progesterone
promotes gestation during the menstrual cycle
Which male sex glands are located in the scrotum? correct answers The testes
What hormone do the testes produce? correct answers The steroid testosterone
system || QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Which system is one of the most complicated of the body systems and consists of glands widely
separated from each other with no direct anatomical links? correct answers The endocrine system
What does the word "endocrine" mean? correct answers Secreting internally
How do endocrine glands perform their functions? correct answers By extracting substances (raw
materials) from blood and tissue fluids, and creating new substances called hormones
How are hormones transported and what do they act upon? correct answers Hormones are
secreted into the blood and lymph circulation, to be transported to the specific organs and
structures, upon which they exert influence and control.
What are the hormones often referred to as? correct answers Chemical messengers
Name the major glands of the endocrine system. correct answers Pituitary, thyroid and
parathyroids, adrenals, Islets of Langerhans and the gonads
Situated in the brain, which gland, together with the hypothalamus, regulates the activity of most
of the other endocrine glands? correct answers The pituitary gland
Give two other names for the pituitary gland. correct answers The hypophyseal or "master" gland
How do substances produced by the pituitary gland act? correct answers Directly and indirectly
Direct = carried out by the pituitary by its own actions
Indirect = carried out by the pituitary by it regulating other glands
Describe some of the direct functions of the pituitary gland. correct answers • Regulation of
growth, development and sexual maturation of the young
• Regulation of water excretion and retention
• Regulation of lactation in the new mother
Describe some of the indirect functions of the pituitary gland. correct answers • Regulation of
assimilation and metabolism of foods by action on the thyroid
• Regulation of body composition, adaptation, and resistance to stress by action on the adrenal
gland
• Regulation of sexual development, activity and reproduction by action on the gonads
• Regulation of respiration, circulation, digestion, urinary excretion, and muscular activity by
combined actions of many hormones
Which gland is often referred to as the conductor of the endocrine orchestra? correct answers
Pituitary/master/hypophyseal gland
, Which gland, positioned in the front of the trachea, produces and secretes substances important
to the control and rate of certain metabolic processes, plus the normal growth and development
of the young? correct answers The thyroid gland
Which two chemical elements is the thyroid heavily involved with? correct answers The thyroid
helps to regulate blood calcium levels.
Iodine is stored in the thyroid gland and is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones.
Which four small glands, each about the size of a pea, are situated in the lobes of the thyroid
gland? correct answers The parathyroids
Give the main functions of the parathyroid glands. correct answers Their primary functions
include the maintenance of normal blood calcium levels and the regulation of phosphate
metabolism
Which two glands, situated at the top of the kidneys, secrete hormones which help regulate fluid
and electrolyte balance of the body? correct answers The adrenals
Name some of the hormones released by the adrenals and describe their relative importance.
correct answers Some hormones released, including adrenalin, though not essential to life, are
important in helping the body to respond to danger, stress and competitive activities.
The adrenal steroids, however, are essential to life
Which cell groups distributed throughout the pancreas, secrete the hormone insulin, and other
hormones, which control the glucose level in the blood? correct answers The islets of
Langerhans (islet cells)
What is insulin necessary for the proper use of? correct answers The body must have insulin to
use sugars and starch properly
Which glands release hormones in the female, essential to the normal cyclic changes of
menstruation, and preparation of the uterine lining for pregnancy? correct answers The ovaries
Name two major hormones released by the ovaries. correct answers Oestrogen and progesterone
What function does the hormone oestrogen have? correct answers Oestrogen is a female
hormone which controls development of the female characteristics and female sex libido
What function does the hormone progesterone have? correct answers The hormone, progesterone
promotes gestation during the menstrual cycle
Which male sex glands are located in the scrotum? correct answers The testes
What hormone do the testes produce? correct answers The steroid testosterone
