PALS 2025
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,Certainly! Here are the numbered questions with their answers:
1. Conditions that [blank] air resistance lead to increased respiratory [blank].
- Increased Effort
2. What are the signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue & respiratory
failure?
- Nasal flaring
- Retractions
- Head bobbing
- Seesaw respirations
3. Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in [blank]
seconds & multiplying by [blank].
- 30 seconds; 2
4. Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory [blank] in infants.
- Distress
5. What do central chemoreceptors respond to?
- Hydrogen ions in the cerebrospinal fluid
6. Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful?
- It impedes venous return
- It increases intrathoracic pressure
7. What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a bag-mask device?
- Reposition the airway
- Verify the mask size
, 8. How are effective oxygenation & ventilation assessed?
- Oxygen saturation
- Exhaled carbon dioxide
- Visible chest rise w/ each breath
9. How can gastric inflation impair bag-mask ventilation?
- It decreases lung compliance
10. What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during a
bag-mask ventilation?
- Deliver each breath over about 1 second
11. Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia & tissue hypoxia?
- Tissue hypoxia can occur with normal arterial oxygen saturation
12. What does hyperventilation, which refers to increased alveolar ventilation, result in?
- PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg
13. What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child w/ severe anemia?
- May increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
14. Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood?
- May be caused by disordered control of breathing
15. What happens when ventilation is inadequate?
- PaCO2 increases
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,Certainly! Here are the numbered questions with their answers:
1. Conditions that [blank] air resistance lead to increased respiratory [blank].
- Increased Effort
2. What are the signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue & respiratory
failure?
- Nasal flaring
- Retractions
- Head bobbing
- Seesaw respirations
3. Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in [blank]
seconds & multiplying by [blank].
- 30 seconds; 2
4. Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory [blank] in infants.
- Distress
5. What do central chemoreceptors respond to?
- Hydrogen ions in the cerebrospinal fluid
6. Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful?
- It impedes venous return
- It increases intrathoracic pressure
7. What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a bag-mask device?
- Reposition the airway
- Verify the mask size
, 8. How are effective oxygenation & ventilation assessed?
- Oxygen saturation
- Exhaled carbon dioxide
- Visible chest rise w/ each breath
9. How can gastric inflation impair bag-mask ventilation?
- It decreases lung compliance
10. What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during a
bag-mask ventilation?
- Deliver each breath over about 1 second
11. Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia & tissue hypoxia?
- Tissue hypoxia can occur with normal arterial oxygen saturation
12. What does hyperventilation, which refers to increased alveolar ventilation, result in?
- PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg
13. What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child w/ severe anemia?
- May increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
14. Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood?
- May be caused by disordered control of breathing
15. What happens when ventilation is inadequate?
- PaCO2 increases
