NUR 210 EXAM 3 Detailed Exam
Questions with Correct Answers |
Latest Edition
1. When reviewing the neural pathways, a group of students identify which of
the following as sensations that travel via the spinothalamic tract. -
ANSWER Pain
Temperature
Light touch
2. As people age, several neurological changes occur. Neurons, brain size, and
neurotransmitters decrease. What are some of the results of aging on the
neurological system? - ANSWER Slower thought processing
Reduced response to stimuli
Delayed reflexes
3. What should the nurse assess to test the function of the frontal lobe? -
ANSWER Communication
4. What would the nurse most likely find when assessing a client diagnosed
with a frontal lobe contusion following a motor vehicle accident? -
ANSWER Difficulty speaking
5. what percentage of our body weight is body water? - ANSWER 60%
6. what are the functions of body fluid in the body? - ANSWER lubricant
,metabolism
transport
regulates body temperature
7. what are electrolytes and what does concentration depend on? - ANSWER -
Na+, Cl-, Mg+, Ca+, K+
-electrically charged when in solution
-influenced by fluid intake and output, acid base balance, hormones, cell
functions
-concentration depends on intake, absorption, distribution, and excretion
8. how is water distributed throughout the body? - ANSWER 1) Intracellular:
Two-thirds of water in body
2)Extracellular:
Remaining third is divided into 2 compartments:
-Interstitial fluid (in between cells and organs)
-Plasma
9. What electrolytes are highest in the intracellular fluid? Extracellular fluid? -
ANSWER ICF: high K+, Mg+, phosphate
ECF: high Na+, Cl-, bicarbonate ions
10.what is hydrostatic pressure? is it higher at arteriole or venous end of
capillary? when does hydrostatic pressure increase? - ANSWER -water
pushing pressure
,-higher at arteriole end (pushing oxygen and nutrients out of capillary to go to
cells)
-increases due to venous obstruction or salt/water retention (due to CHF/kidney
failure), edema occurs
11.what is osmotic pressure? is it higher at arteriole or venous end of capillary?
- ANSWER -water pulling pressure
-high at venous end (want to pull fluid back into capillary from cells to bring
back to heart, and get rid of waste products)
12.what does it mean if a solution is hypertonic? - ANSWER solution with
higher salt concentration that body, pulls water into blood vessels, cells
shrink
13.what does it mean if a solution is hypotonic? - ANSWER solution with
lower salt concentration than body, water moves out of blood vessels into
cell, cell swells
14.what is hypovolemia? what are causes? what are clinical manifestations? -
ANSWER -occurs when there is a decrease in water and Na+
-losing too much water and salt, not getting enough in
causes: diarrhea, edema, burns, hemorrhage, excessive perspiration, emesis
(vomit), gastric drainage, ascites
CM: increased HR, postural hypotension, weight loss, flat neck veins,
prolonged capillary refill, syncope, oliguria (decreased urine), decreased skin
turgor, hard stool, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, no tears/sweat, sunken
fontanel
, 15.what is hypervolemia? what are causes? what are clinical manifestations? -
ANSWER -occurs when there is volume excess
causes: excessive infusion of isotonic solutions, renal retention of Na+ and
water (due to heart, liver, kidney issues), increased intake
CM: weight gain, edema, bounding pulses, neck vein distention, crackles (fluid
in lungs), orthopnea, bulging fontanel
16.what are the cations? - ANSWER positively charged ions
sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium
17.what are the anions? - ANSWER negatively charged ions
phosphorus, chloride, bicarbonate
18.what does sodium do? what is normal level? - ANSWER -high in ECF
-cation
-governs osmolality
-activates muscle and nerve cells
normal: 135-145
19.what is hyponatremia? what are the causes? what are the clinical
manifestations? what is the treatment? - ANSWER -don't have enough Na+,
excess amount of water
causes: tumor is brain that secretes ADH (retain water, not sodium), excessive
water intake, beer potomania, sweating and only replace water (not water and
electrolytes)
Questions with Correct Answers |
Latest Edition
1. When reviewing the neural pathways, a group of students identify which of
the following as sensations that travel via the spinothalamic tract. -
ANSWER Pain
Temperature
Light touch
2. As people age, several neurological changes occur. Neurons, brain size, and
neurotransmitters decrease. What are some of the results of aging on the
neurological system? - ANSWER Slower thought processing
Reduced response to stimuli
Delayed reflexes
3. What should the nurse assess to test the function of the frontal lobe? -
ANSWER Communication
4. What would the nurse most likely find when assessing a client diagnosed
with a frontal lobe contusion following a motor vehicle accident? -
ANSWER Difficulty speaking
5. what percentage of our body weight is body water? - ANSWER 60%
6. what are the functions of body fluid in the body? - ANSWER lubricant
,metabolism
transport
regulates body temperature
7. what are electrolytes and what does concentration depend on? - ANSWER -
Na+, Cl-, Mg+, Ca+, K+
-electrically charged when in solution
-influenced by fluid intake and output, acid base balance, hormones, cell
functions
-concentration depends on intake, absorption, distribution, and excretion
8. how is water distributed throughout the body? - ANSWER 1) Intracellular:
Two-thirds of water in body
2)Extracellular:
Remaining third is divided into 2 compartments:
-Interstitial fluid (in between cells and organs)
-Plasma
9. What electrolytes are highest in the intracellular fluid? Extracellular fluid? -
ANSWER ICF: high K+, Mg+, phosphate
ECF: high Na+, Cl-, bicarbonate ions
10.what is hydrostatic pressure? is it higher at arteriole or venous end of
capillary? when does hydrostatic pressure increase? - ANSWER -water
pushing pressure
,-higher at arteriole end (pushing oxygen and nutrients out of capillary to go to
cells)
-increases due to venous obstruction or salt/water retention (due to CHF/kidney
failure), edema occurs
11.what is osmotic pressure? is it higher at arteriole or venous end of capillary?
- ANSWER -water pulling pressure
-high at venous end (want to pull fluid back into capillary from cells to bring
back to heart, and get rid of waste products)
12.what does it mean if a solution is hypertonic? - ANSWER solution with
higher salt concentration that body, pulls water into blood vessels, cells
shrink
13.what does it mean if a solution is hypotonic? - ANSWER solution with
lower salt concentration than body, water moves out of blood vessels into
cell, cell swells
14.what is hypovolemia? what are causes? what are clinical manifestations? -
ANSWER -occurs when there is a decrease in water and Na+
-losing too much water and salt, not getting enough in
causes: diarrhea, edema, burns, hemorrhage, excessive perspiration, emesis
(vomit), gastric drainage, ascites
CM: increased HR, postural hypotension, weight loss, flat neck veins,
prolonged capillary refill, syncope, oliguria (decreased urine), decreased skin
turgor, hard stool, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, no tears/sweat, sunken
fontanel
, 15.what is hypervolemia? what are causes? what are clinical manifestations? -
ANSWER -occurs when there is volume excess
causes: excessive infusion of isotonic solutions, renal retention of Na+ and
water (due to heart, liver, kidney issues), increased intake
CM: weight gain, edema, bounding pulses, neck vein distention, crackles (fluid
in lungs), orthopnea, bulging fontanel
16.what are the cations? - ANSWER positively charged ions
sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium
17.what are the anions? - ANSWER negatively charged ions
phosphorus, chloride, bicarbonate
18.what does sodium do? what is normal level? - ANSWER -high in ECF
-cation
-governs osmolality
-activates muscle and nerve cells
normal: 135-145
19.what is hyponatremia? what are the causes? what are the clinical
manifestations? what is the treatment? - ANSWER -don't have enough Na+,
excess amount of water
causes: tumor is brain that secretes ADH (retain water, not sodium), excessive
water intake, beer potomania, sweating and only replace water (not water and
electrolytes)
