SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY CHEM 365 BIOCHEMISTRY
FINAL EXAM 2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
1. Which one of the following hormones is most likely to trigger a signal
transduction pathway to regulate a metabolic pathway by binding to a
tyrosine kinase receptor?
epinephrine
cortisol
glucagon
insulin
2. Describe the significance of a positive nitrogen balance during
pregnancy.
A positive nitrogen balance means the body is losing muscle
mass.
A positive nitrogen balance indicates a deficiency in dietary
protein.
A positive nitrogen balance during pregnancy indicates that
the body is retaining more nitrogen than it is excreting, which is
essential for fetal growth and development.
A positive nitrogen balance is irrelevant during pregnancy.
3. What is the primary metabolic process inhibited by methotrexate?
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Metabolism of folic acid
4. Describe how methotrexate affects the metabolism of folic acid and its
, impact on cell division.
Methotrexate has no effect on folic acid metabolism.
Methotrexate stimulates the production of deoxyribonucleotides
from folic acid.
Methotrexate inhibits the metabolism of folic acid, leading to a
deficiency in deoxyribonucleotides necessary for DNA
synthesis, thus affecting cell division.
Methotrexate enhances the metabolism of folic acid, promoting
cell division.
5. Describe the relationship between phenylalanine and tyrosine in
metabolic pathways.
Phenylalanine and tyrosine are both essential amino acids.
Tyrosine is synthesized from glucose in the liver.
Tyrosine is a precursor for the synthesis of phenylalanine.
Phenylalanine is converted into tyrosine through the action of
the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase.
6. AcetylCoA Carboxylase will be active when which of the following
hormones is elevated?
Insulin
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Glucagon
7. Describe the role of bile salts in the digestion of lipids and their effect
on pancreatic lipase activity.
Bile salts are produced by the pancreas to activate lipase.
, Bile salts transport glucose to cells, which has no effect on
pancreatic lipase.
Bile salts emulsify fats, enhancing the action of pancreatic
lipase, but can inhibit its activity under certain conditions.
Bile salts break down proteins, which increases pancreatic lipase
activity.
8. How does adiponectin affect AMPK in muscles?
Has no effect on AMPK
Activates AMPK
Enhances insulin sensitivity
Inhibits AMPK
9. In a scenario where phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is deficient,
what metabolic process would be most directly affected?
Fatty acid synthesis
Protein catabolism
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
10. Which compound is known to inhibit the activity of pancreatic lipase?
Bile salts
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
, 11. What is the enzyme that is specifically utilized in the gluconeogenic
pathway and not in glycolysis?
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Pyruvate kinase
Hexokinase
12. Which form of lipid transport is best described as the major provider of
cholesterol to tissues in humans?
HDL
Chylomicron
IDL
VLDL
LDL
13. Describe the significance of converting ribose bases to deoxy-bases in
cellular metabolism during cell proliferation.
This process is involved in the detoxification of ammonia.
The conversion of ribose bases to deoxy-bases is crucial for
DNA synthesis, which is necessary for cell proliferation.
This conversion helps in the synthesis of RNA for protein
production.
It is important for the breakdown of fatty acids in the
mitochondria.
FINAL EXAM 2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
1. Which one of the following hormones is most likely to trigger a signal
transduction pathway to regulate a metabolic pathway by binding to a
tyrosine kinase receptor?
epinephrine
cortisol
glucagon
insulin
2. Describe the significance of a positive nitrogen balance during
pregnancy.
A positive nitrogen balance means the body is losing muscle
mass.
A positive nitrogen balance indicates a deficiency in dietary
protein.
A positive nitrogen balance during pregnancy indicates that
the body is retaining more nitrogen than it is excreting, which is
essential for fetal growth and development.
A positive nitrogen balance is irrelevant during pregnancy.
3. What is the primary metabolic process inhibited by methotrexate?
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Metabolism of folic acid
4. Describe how methotrexate affects the metabolism of folic acid and its
, impact on cell division.
Methotrexate has no effect on folic acid metabolism.
Methotrexate stimulates the production of deoxyribonucleotides
from folic acid.
Methotrexate inhibits the metabolism of folic acid, leading to a
deficiency in deoxyribonucleotides necessary for DNA
synthesis, thus affecting cell division.
Methotrexate enhances the metabolism of folic acid, promoting
cell division.
5. Describe the relationship between phenylalanine and tyrosine in
metabolic pathways.
Phenylalanine and tyrosine are both essential amino acids.
Tyrosine is synthesized from glucose in the liver.
Tyrosine is a precursor for the synthesis of phenylalanine.
Phenylalanine is converted into tyrosine through the action of
the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase.
6. AcetylCoA Carboxylase will be active when which of the following
hormones is elevated?
Insulin
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Glucagon
7. Describe the role of bile salts in the digestion of lipids and their effect
on pancreatic lipase activity.
Bile salts are produced by the pancreas to activate lipase.
, Bile salts transport glucose to cells, which has no effect on
pancreatic lipase.
Bile salts emulsify fats, enhancing the action of pancreatic
lipase, but can inhibit its activity under certain conditions.
Bile salts break down proteins, which increases pancreatic lipase
activity.
8. How does adiponectin affect AMPK in muscles?
Has no effect on AMPK
Activates AMPK
Enhances insulin sensitivity
Inhibits AMPK
9. In a scenario where phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is deficient,
what metabolic process would be most directly affected?
Fatty acid synthesis
Protein catabolism
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
10. Which compound is known to inhibit the activity of pancreatic lipase?
Bile salts
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
, 11. What is the enzyme that is specifically utilized in the gluconeogenic
pathway and not in glycolysis?
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Pyruvate kinase
Hexokinase
12. Which form of lipid transport is best described as the major provider of
cholesterol to tissues in humans?
HDL
Chylomicron
IDL
VLDL
LDL
13. Describe the significance of converting ribose bases to deoxy-bases in
cellular metabolism during cell proliferation.
This process is involved in the detoxification of ammonia.
The conversion of ribose bases to deoxy-bases is crucial for
DNA synthesis, which is necessary for cell proliferation.
This conversion helps in the synthesis of RNA for protein
production.
It is important for the breakdown of fatty acids in the
mitochondria.
