EDF 6222 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
mental illness - Answers -Moore reviewed how some of the very first human
applications of operant conditioning actually derived from those diagnosed with a
mentalistic, unobservable - Answers -Tradition viewpoints to serving the mentally ill
often involve __________ explanations of ______________ causes(such as
malfunctions of the body) that are only inferred by observable behavior. In other words,
mental illnesses are caused by something inside the person - an underlying pathology
much like we consider with other medical conditions caused by bacteria or virus. From
the viewpoint of behavior analysis, of course, the root cause is the interaction with the
environment.
positive - Answers -The best explanation to why therapy works sometimes is we all
want ___________reinforcement
staff, coercive - Answers -A lot of clinical work related to behavior problems that take
place in institutional settings are facilitated mostly for the benefit of ___________ and
are unaware of the overuse of ____________ measures.
administrative procedures, time-out, pain, outcome - Answers -Reform in institutions
tends to fail because interventions typically rely on physical facilities and administrative
procedures. Misuse of reinforcement tends to utilize socially contrived
_______________. This intervention is essentially a _______________procedure and
has been a widely accepted form of attempted punishment because it instills
no_________; however, as Sidman eloquently stated, "The cruelty lies less in the
method than in ______________", (p. 259.)
natural - Answers -Contrived deprivation should not be confused with______________
states of deprivation. For example, when working with a person on skill acquisition in
which food is a strong reinforcer, we would be careful to schedule training times long
after a meal or shortly before a scheduled meal. In this example, we are not contriving
hunger - it is a natural occurrence.
appropriate, coercive - Answers -Once arrested and put in jail, the chances for repeat
offense is great because, as discussed, our "rehabilitative" institutions do not
rehabilitate. In other words, _______________behaviors are not shaped,
as_______________measures do not provide reinforcement of adaptable skills.
Attempts have failed at rehabilitation due to this misunderstanding of how appropriate
repertoires are shaped.
stimulus, coercive - Answers -Smith, Visher, and Davidson (1984) asserted that
policing requires discretionary implementation of the law. The authors continued that
, execution has been a provocative topic since its inception (far older than the concept of
race). The stature of power that one in uniform exerts over a citizen is a
____________that confounds the relationship between citizen and officer. As Zimbardo
(2007) elaborated (regarding his famous Stanford prison experiments in 1971), "good"
people can become agents of evil and innocent bystanders can succumb to a victim
status rather quickly. Examples such as the Stanford prison experiments support the
_____________nature that exists when one group of people exert power over others.
pairing - Answers -A common theme among community policing is that they are not
relying on coercive control - they are using tactics that shape appropriate behaviors and
build "trust" by___________ pleasant actions with police officers. In short, this is the
philosophy of behaviorism. Community demographics do not need to determine the
level of crime. For example, in Camden, NJ, 40% of residents live below the poverty line
and unemployment is double the National average (Zernike, 2014, August 31).
practice, community-demographics - Answers -Plant and Peruche expanded on
simulated research in which participants were given an image of a non-descript object
and had to identify whether to shoot or not to shoot. Images included both black and
white suspects. While black suspects were accidentally shot on more occasions, the
more ______________the participants had, the less likely they were to consider race as
a variable (Plant and Peruche, 2005). As Schneider pointed out in her final chapter,
prejudice and stereotypes are nothing more than ________________________-
discrimination training could provide promising hope for reducing the number of minority
deaths at the hands of police officers.
Mental health treatment groups - Answers -Where did human application for operant
condition derive from?
Social reinforcement - Answers -Why does therapy work?
Coercion. criminals are not fixed in their behavior. - Answers -What did Murray Sidman
do?
learning, motivation, circumstances - Answers -According to Moore, for behavior
analysts, education involves arranging contingencies that facilitate ________________.
Behavior analysts also avoid making internal attributions about supposed underlying
______________ of students, which means behavior analysts do not see themselves
as gatekeepers in the educational process; rather, the look at the _____________ of
the learning situation to understand why learning has or has not taken place.
environment, teacher, superstitious - Answers -There is a popular movement in
education suggesting that children are "natural learners" and that curriculums should
allow students to explore what interests them by setting the ________________ as the
"teacher", with minimal interference from adults. However, Skinner (1978) reminded us
why this is ineffective (not to mention the empirical evidence suggesting it is not
effective): "The real world is not an effective ______________ . Children do not learn
mental illness - Answers -Moore reviewed how some of the very first human
applications of operant conditioning actually derived from those diagnosed with a
mentalistic, unobservable - Answers -Tradition viewpoints to serving the mentally ill
often involve __________ explanations of ______________ causes(such as
malfunctions of the body) that are only inferred by observable behavior. In other words,
mental illnesses are caused by something inside the person - an underlying pathology
much like we consider with other medical conditions caused by bacteria or virus. From
the viewpoint of behavior analysis, of course, the root cause is the interaction with the
environment.
positive - Answers -The best explanation to why therapy works sometimes is we all
want ___________reinforcement
staff, coercive - Answers -A lot of clinical work related to behavior problems that take
place in institutional settings are facilitated mostly for the benefit of ___________ and
are unaware of the overuse of ____________ measures.
administrative procedures, time-out, pain, outcome - Answers -Reform in institutions
tends to fail because interventions typically rely on physical facilities and administrative
procedures. Misuse of reinforcement tends to utilize socially contrived
_______________. This intervention is essentially a _______________procedure and
has been a widely accepted form of attempted punishment because it instills
no_________; however, as Sidman eloquently stated, "The cruelty lies less in the
method than in ______________", (p. 259.)
natural - Answers -Contrived deprivation should not be confused with______________
states of deprivation. For example, when working with a person on skill acquisition in
which food is a strong reinforcer, we would be careful to schedule training times long
after a meal or shortly before a scheduled meal. In this example, we are not contriving
hunger - it is a natural occurrence.
appropriate, coercive - Answers -Once arrested and put in jail, the chances for repeat
offense is great because, as discussed, our "rehabilitative" institutions do not
rehabilitate. In other words, _______________behaviors are not shaped,
as_______________measures do not provide reinforcement of adaptable skills.
Attempts have failed at rehabilitation due to this misunderstanding of how appropriate
repertoires are shaped.
stimulus, coercive - Answers -Smith, Visher, and Davidson (1984) asserted that
policing requires discretionary implementation of the law. The authors continued that
, execution has been a provocative topic since its inception (far older than the concept of
race). The stature of power that one in uniform exerts over a citizen is a
____________that confounds the relationship between citizen and officer. As Zimbardo
(2007) elaborated (regarding his famous Stanford prison experiments in 1971), "good"
people can become agents of evil and innocent bystanders can succumb to a victim
status rather quickly. Examples such as the Stanford prison experiments support the
_____________nature that exists when one group of people exert power over others.
pairing - Answers -A common theme among community policing is that they are not
relying on coercive control - they are using tactics that shape appropriate behaviors and
build "trust" by___________ pleasant actions with police officers. In short, this is the
philosophy of behaviorism. Community demographics do not need to determine the
level of crime. For example, in Camden, NJ, 40% of residents live below the poverty line
and unemployment is double the National average (Zernike, 2014, August 31).
practice, community-demographics - Answers -Plant and Peruche expanded on
simulated research in which participants were given an image of a non-descript object
and had to identify whether to shoot or not to shoot. Images included both black and
white suspects. While black suspects were accidentally shot on more occasions, the
more ______________the participants had, the less likely they were to consider race as
a variable (Plant and Peruche, 2005). As Schneider pointed out in her final chapter,
prejudice and stereotypes are nothing more than ________________________-
discrimination training could provide promising hope for reducing the number of minority
deaths at the hands of police officers.
Mental health treatment groups - Answers -Where did human application for operant
condition derive from?
Social reinforcement - Answers -Why does therapy work?
Coercion. criminals are not fixed in their behavior. - Answers -What did Murray Sidman
do?
learning, motivation, circumstances - Answers -According to Moore, for behavior
analysts, education involves arranging contingencies that facilitate ________________.
Behavior analysts also avoid making internal attributions about supposed underlying
______________ of students, which means behavior analysts do not see themselves
as gatekeepers in the educational process; rather, the look at the _____________ of
the learning situation to understand why learning has or has not taken place.
environment, teacher, superstitious - Answers -There is a popular movement in
education suggesting that children are "natural learners" and that curriculums should
allow students to explore what interests them by setting the ________________ as the
"teacher", with minimal interference from adults. However, Skinner (1978) reminded us
why this is ineffective (not to mention the empirical evidence suggesting it is not
effective): "The real world is not an effective ______________ . Children do not learn
