PANRE Exam Review with Complete
Solutions
COPD, CHF,sepsis, valvular heart disease, methylxanthine toxicity. - ANSWER-
multifocal atrial tach: common causes
Magnesium, verapamil or Beta-blockers - ANSWER-Multifocal atrial tach: treatment
AV node blockade: B-blockers, Ca channel blockers, Dig. - ANSWER-Atrial flutter:
Treatment, initial
chemical cardioversion w/ class 1A agent (procainamide or quinidine) - ANSWER-Atrial
Flutter: treatment, stable
Electrocardiovert at 25-50j - ANSWER-Atrial Flutter: treatment, unstable
HTN, rheumatic heart disease, pneumonia, thyrotoxicosis, ischemic heart, pericarditis,
EtOH intox, PE, CHF, valvular heart disease, COPD - ANSWER-Atrial Fibrillation:
Causes
Rate control: B-clocker, Ca channel blocker, then convert with procainamide, quinidine,
or verapamil.
Dig possible but has delayed effect. - ANSWER-Atrial Fibrillation: Treatment 1
Verapamil, Diltiazem - ANSWER-Calcium channel Blockers
Synchronized cardioversion at 100-200J - ANSWER-Atrial Fibrillation: Treatment 2,
Unstable
If duration ?, anticoagulation for 3wks prior to chemical or electrical cardioversion. -
ANSWER-Atrial Fibrillation: Treatment 2, Stable
Transesophageal echocardiogram is commonly used to determine timing. Watch for
hypotension with admin of negative inotropes. - ANSWER-Atrial Fibrillation: Timing of
cardioversion
Stop digitalis
Treat hypokalemia
Administer mag or phenytoin
Provide dig-specific Ab to unstable pt
Avoid cardioversion - ANSWER-SVT caused by digitalis toxicity: Treatment
Solutions
COPD, CHF,sepsis, valvular heart disease, methylxanthine toxicity. - ANSWER-
multifocal atrial tach: common causes
Magnesium, verapamil or Beta-blockers - ANSWER-Multifocal atrial tach: treatment
AV node blockade: B-blockers, Ca channel blockers, Dig. - ANSWER-Atrial flutter:
Treatment, initial
chemical cardioversion w/ class 1A agent (procainamide or quinidine) - ANSWER-Atrial
Flutter: treatment, stable
Electrocardiovert at 25-50j - ANSWER-Atrial Flutter: treatment, unstable
HTN, rheumatic heart disease, pneumonia, thyrotoxicosis, ischemic heart, pericarditis,
EtOH intox, PE, CHF, valvular heart disease, COPD - ANSWER-Atrial Fibrillation:
Causes
Rate control: B-clocker, Ca channel blocker, then convert with procainamide, quinidine,
or verapamil.
Dig possible but has delayed effect. - ANSWER-Atrial Fibrillation: Treatment 1
Verapamil, Diltiazem - ANSWER-Calcium channel Blockers
Synchronized cardioversion at 100-200J - ANSWER-Atrial Fibrillation: Treatment 2,
Unstable
If duration ?, anticoagulation for 3wks prior to chemical or electrical cardioversion. -
ANSWER-Atrial Fibrillation: Treatment 2, Stable
Transesophageal echocardiogram is commonly used to determine timing. Watch for
hypotension with admin of negative inotropes. - ANSWER-Atrial Fibrillation: Timing of
cardioversion
Stop digitalis
Treat hypokalemia
Administer mag or phenytoin
Provide dig-specific Ab to unstable pt
Avoid cardioversion - ANSWER-SVT caused by digitalis toxicity: Treatment
