READING 360 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
1. Cognitive-Constructivist View
Answer reading is an active process in which the reader actively searches for meaning in what she
reads.
2. Schema
Answer abstract knowledge stored in memory, richly organized networks of knowledge
3. the cognitive orientation
Answer reading and learning are active processes
4. constructivism
Answer emphasizes that learning and reading are active and constructive processes
5. automaticity
Answer decoding quickly, recognize words and assign meaning; allows readers to decode and compre- hend
simultaneously
6. metacognition
1/
17
,Answer ability to employ fix-up strategies when meaning breaks down, active awareness of one's text
comprehension
7. scaffolding
Answer guiding students toward proficiency; a process that enables a child or novice to solve a problem, carry
out a task, or achieve a goal, which would be beyond his unassisted ettorts
8. zone of proximal development
Answer social nature of learning; the range of tasks in which a child can achieve if they are assisted
by a more knowledgeable or more competent other
9. Matthew effect
Answer rich get richer, the poor get poorer; reversible, children who read well tend to read more; children
who struggle in reading read less
10. Phonemic Awareness
Answer the understanding that words are composed of sounds that can be manipulated
11. phoneme
Answer smallest sound in a language
2/
17
, 12. alphabetic principle
Answer phonemes are represented by letters; imperfect correspondence btw phonemes and letters
13. pre-alphabetic
Answer visual cues
14. partial alphabetic
Answer initial/final letters
15. full alphabetic
Answer well developed letter-sound (can decode)
16. consolidated alphabetic
Answer larger units (rimes/chunks)
17. processes involved in reading words
Answer sight word reading, decoding, analogizing, contextual guessing
18. sight word reading
Answer whole unit by sight
19. decoding
3/
17
1. Cognitive-Constructivist View
Answer reading is an active process in which the reader actively searches for meaning in what she
reads.
2. Schema
Answer abstract knowledge stored in memory, richly organized networks of knowledge
3. the cognitive orientation
Answer reading and learning are active processes
4. constructivism
Answer emphasizes that learning and reading are active and constructive processes
5. automaticity
Answer decoding quickly, recognize words and assign meaning; allows readers to decode and compre- hend
simultaneously
6. metacognition
1/
17
,Answer ability to employ fix-up strategies when meaning breaks down, active awareness of one's text
comprehension
7. scaffolding
Answer guiding students toward proficiency; a process that enables a child or novice to solve a problem, carry
out a task, or achieve a goal, which would be beyond his unassisted ettorts
8. zone of proximal development
Answer social nature of learning; the range of tasks in which a child can achieve if they are assisted
by a more knowledgeable or more competent other
9. Matthew effect
Answer rich get richer, the poor get poorer; reversible, children who read well tend to read more; children
who struggle in reading read less
10. Phonemic Awareness
Answer the understanding that words are composed of sounds that can be manipulated
11. phoneme
Answer smallest sound in a language
2/
17
, 12. alphabetic principle
Answer phonemes are represented by letters; imperfect correspondence btw phonemes and letters
13. pre-alphabetic
Answer visual cues
14. partial alphabetic
Answer initial/final letters
15. full alphabetic
Answer well developed letter-sound (can decode)
16. consolidated alphabetic
Answer larger units (rimes/chunks)
17. processes involved in reading words
Answer sight word reading, decoding, analogizing, contextual guessing
18. sight word reading
Answer whole unit by sight
19. decoding
3/
17
