EVR 1001 FSU Final Actual Exam Newest Actual Exam With
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Human Population Growth - ANSWERS---Currently increasing at a
rate of 1 billion people every 13 years
-Growth is proportional to population
-Equivalent to doubling in fixed intervals
-Natural populations grow rapidly until they reach carrying capacity
-When a population reaches its capacity: Population stabilizes,
Overshoot & crash, Export Emigrants
Carrying Capacity - ANSWERS--max number of plants, animals,
bacteria, etc. that an environment can sustain. (NOT CONSTANT;
health of ecosystem, per capita resource utilization, quality of life,
technology)
Sustainability - ANSWERS---Of a resource: harvest no more than is
replaced
-Of an ecosystem: human stressors, natural disturbances, ecosystem
resilience, biodiversity
Key Characteristics of Sustainability - ANSWERS---Populations that
live without conflict with nature
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-energy policy that minimizes pollution and risk
-restrained (planned) use of renewable resources
-minimizations of the use of nonrenewable resources(leaving some
for future generations)
-a political system that prioritizes long term prosperity over short
term gain
Renewable Resources - ANSWERS--sunlight, wind energy, wave
energy, geothermal energy
Non renewable resources - ANSWERS--crude oil, natural gas, coal,
copper, aluminum
A Global perspective - ANSWERS---Global perspective is a recent idea
(but very real)
-Local actions have distant consequences (linked by atmosphere and
water)
-DDT-1962 (industrial pesticide, long half life in soils, transported by
runoff and rivers, bio accumulates, linked to declines in aquatic life
and birds, human toxicity
-The ozone hole- O3 protects life from harmful UV rays
-O3 is destroyed by halogens (CFC; used in refrigerants)
-CFCs have created an ozone hole in Antarctica
An urbanizing world - people & nature - ANSWERS---Cities are
growing rapidly; pos and neg for environment
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-Can be more efficient; if designed that way
-Humans are a product of nature and have shaped and been shaped
by the rest of the natural word since dawn of our species
-Prehistoric humans drove most of large mammals in North America
to extinction (also invented agriculture and reshaped entire
ecosystem)
Natural World - ANSWERS--ecosystems are in a continual state of
flux, evolution is proceeding
Decision Making relies on... - ANSWERS--1. Values: Protection of
ecosystem & species, human equality, economic progress, future
generations
2. Science: determine likely outcomes of different scenarios, assess
uncertainty of outcomes
Science & Values - ANSWERS---Scientific Knowledge is always being
challenged
-Theories can be disproven, never proven
The "classic" scientific method is: - ANSWERS--- Observe phenomena
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- Formulate a question
- Develop a hypothesis
- Make predictions from hypothesis
- Conduct experiment (test) with potential to disprove hypothesis
- Analyze results
Precautionary Principle - ANSWERS---Scientific knowledge always
comes with a degree of uncertainty
-STATES THAT WHEN THERE IS A THREAT OF SERIOUS, IRREVERSIBLE
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE WE SHOULD NOT WAIT FOR PROOF
BEFORE TAKING ACTIONS
The Utilitarian Justification - ANSWERS--has quantifiable value to
humans and provides necessary services) *Justification by economics
The Ecological Justification: - ANSWERS--ecosystems are
interconnected and healthy ecosystem may be required for the
perseverance of many different species
The Aesthetic & Recreational Justifications - ANSWERS--beauty of
nature, joy from wilderness, recreational activities, spiritual, creative,
emotional
Moral Justification - ANSWERS--non humans have rights