Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) Exam Verified
Questions, Correct Answers, and Detailed
Explanations for Science Students||Already Graded
A+
1. The most important initial step in newborn resuscitation is:
A) Chest compressions
B) Providing warmth
C) Intubation
D) Administration of epinephrine
Rationale: Maintaining thermal regulation is critical immediately
after birth to prevent hypothermia, which can worsen outcomes.
2. For a term newborn, the normal heart rate at birth should be:
A) 40–60 bpm
B) 60–80 bpm
C) 100–160 bpm
D) 180–200 bpm
Rationale: A normal term infant has a heart rate between 100–160
bpm; values below this may indicate need for intervention.
3. The first action after ensuring the airway is clear in a newborn
who is not breathing effectively is:
A) Chest compressions
B) Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV)
C) Oxygen administration by mask
D) Immediate intubation
Rationale: PPV is the first step for a newborn who is apneic or has
inadequate respirations.
,4. The recommended oxygen concentration for initial resuscitation
of a term newborn is:
A) 21%
B) 21–30%
C) 50%
D) 100%
Rationale: Room air (21%) or slightly higher oxygen (up to 30%) is
recommended initially to avoid hyperoxia.
5. When assessing a newborn, what is the most reliable indicator of
adequate ventilation?
A) Skin color
B) Heart rate
C) Crying
D) Muscle tone
Rationale: Heart rate is the most reliable indicator of adequate
oxygenation and ventilation during resuscitation.
6. Chest compressions are indicated when:
A) Heart rate <100 bpm after 30 seconds of effective ventilation
B) Heart rate <60 bpm after 30 seconds of effective ventilation
C) Heart rate <60 bpm despite 30 seconds of effective ventilation
D) Heart rate <80 bpm despite ventilation
Rationale: NRP guidelines recommend starting chest compressions
only if heart rate remains <60 bpm despite adequate ventilation.
,7. The correct ratio of chest compressions to ventilations in
neonatal resuscitation is:
A) 15:2
B) 30:2
C) 3:1
D) 1:1
Rationale: Neonatal resuscitation emphasizes ventilation; 3
compressions to 1 ventilation maximizes cardiac output and oxygen
delivery.
8. Suctioning a newborn’s airway is indicated when:
A) The newborn cries immediately
B) There is meconium-stained amniotic fluid and the newborn is
not vigorous
C) Heart rate is >100 bpm
D) Skin color is pink
Rationale: Routine suctioning is not recommended; only indicated in
non-vigorous infants with meconium-stained fluid.
9. The most common cause of bradycardia in a newborn during
resuscitation is:
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Hypoxia
C) Infection
D) Congenital heart disease
Rationale: Bradycardia is almost always secondary to hypoxia in the
immediate neonatal period.
, 10. For preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation), the target oxygen
saturation at 5 minutes after birth is approximately:
A) 70%
B) 80%
C) 90%
D) 100%
Rationale: Preterm infants tolerate lower oxygen initially; target
saturations rise gradually over the first 10 minutes.
11. Effective positive-pressure ventilation should result in:
A) Rising heart rate
B) Immediate crying
C) Pink skin color only
D) Cessation of movements
Rationale: An increase in heart rate indicates adequate ventilation
and oxygen delivery.
12. If a newborn’s chest does not rise during ventilation, the first
step is to:
A) Increase oxygen concentration
B) Reposition the airway
C) Start chest compressions
D) Call for intubation
Rationale: Airway positioning is the most common cause of
ineffective ventilation; the head should be in a neutral “sniffing”
position.
Questions, Correct Answers, and Detailed
Explanations for Science Students||Already Graded
A+
1. The most important initial step in newborn resuscitation is:
A) Chest compressions
B) Providing warmth
C) Intubation
D) Administration of epinephrine
Rationale: Maintaining thermal regulation is critical immediately
after birth to prevent hypothermia, which can worsen outcomes.
2. For a term newborn, the normal heart rate at birth should be:
A) 40–60 bpm
B) 60–80 bpm
C) 100–160 bpm
D) 180–200 bpm
Rationale: A normal term infant has a heart rate between 100–160
bpm; values below this may indicate need for intervention.
3. The first action after ensuring the airway is clear in a newborn
who is not breathing effectively is:
A) Chest compressions
B) Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV)
C) Oxygen administration by mask
D) Immediate intubation
Rationale: PPV is the first step for a newborn who is apneic or has
inadequate respirations.
,4. The recommended oxygen concentration for initial resuscitation
of a term newborn is:
A) 21%
B) 21–30%
C) 50%
D) 100%
Rationale: Room air (21%) or slightly higher oxygen (up to 30%) is
recommended initially to avoid hyperoxia.
5. When assessing a newborn, what is the most reliable indicator of
adequate ventilation?
A) Skin color
B) Heart rate
C) Crying
D) Muscle tone
Rationale: Heart rate is the most reliable indicator of adequate
oxygenation and ventilation during resuscitation.
6. Chest compressions are indicated when:
A) Heart rate <100 bpm after 30 seconds of effective ventilation
B) Heart rate <60 bpm after 30 seconds of effective ventilation
C) Heart rate <60 bpm despite 30 seconds of effective ventilation
D) Heart rate <80 bpm despite ventilation
Rationale: NRP guidelines recommend starting chest compressions
only if heart rate remains <60 bpm despite adequate ventilation.
,7. The correct ratio of chest compressions to ventilations in
neonatal resuscitation is:
A) 15:2
B) 30:2
C) 3:1
D) 1:1
Rationale: Neonatal resuscitation emphasizes ventilation; 3
compressions to 1 ventilation maximizes cardiac output and oxygen
delivery.
8. Suctioning a newborn’s airway is indicated when:
A) The newborn cries immediately
B) There is meconium-stained amniotic fluid and the newborn is
not vigorous
C) Heart rate is >100 bpm
D) Skin color is pink
Rationale: Routine suctioning is not recommended; only indicated in
non-vigorous infants with meconium-stained fluid.
9. The most common cause of bradycardia in a newborn during
resuscitation is:
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Hypoxia
C) Infection
D) Congenital heart disease
Rationale: Bradycardia is almost always secondary to hypoxia in the
immediate neonatal period.
, 10. For preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation), the target oxygen
saturation at 5 minutes after birth is approximately:
A) 70%
B) 80%
C) 90%
D) 100%
Rationale: Preterm infants tolerate lower oxygen initially; target
saturations rise gradually over the first 10 minutes.
11. Effective positive-pressure ventilation should result in:
A) Rising heart rate
B) Immediate crying
C) Pink skin color only
D) Cessation of movements
Rationale: An increase in heart rate indicates adequate ventilation
and oxygen delivery.
12. If a newborn’s chest does not rise during ventilation, the first
step is to:
A) Increase oxygen concentration
B) Reposition the airway
C) Start chest compressions
D) Call for intubation
Rationale: Airway positioning is the most common cause of
ineffective ventilation; the head should be in a neutral “sniffing”
position.
