NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines Practice Questions
and Answers
Question 1
How does blood flow through the heart chambers/valves?
Correct Answer
Superior vena cava to inferior vena cave. Blood then enters the right atrium and passes through the tricuspid valve to the
right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries
where it becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart by the pulmonary veins which enter
the left atrium. From the left atrium blood flows through the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle.
Page 1 of 77
,Question 2
Which coronary arteries provide blood to which part of the heart?
Correct Answer
a. ) Left coronary artery
i.) Left anterior descending artery:widow maker
LV and RV, intraventricular septum
ii. ) Circumflex: LA and left lateral wall of LV.
b. ) Right coronary artery
RV, intraventricular sulcus and small vessels of the RV and LV
Question 3
What factors contribute to blood flow in a vessel?
Correct Answer
Pressure difference between two ends of a vessel
Resistance: r/t diameter of a vessel
Viscosity (n) of the blood
Length (l) of the vessel
Page 2 of 77
,Question 4
What does QP: QS mean and what factors alter a normal ratio?
Correct Answer
Q=blood flow
QP= blood flow to the lungs (pulmonary) : QS= blood flow to the body (systemic)
i ) Vascular resistance =measures in woods units
ii) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
1. ) <8 weeks of age: 8-10 woods units/m2
2. ) >8 weeks of age: 1-3 woods units/m2
iii) Systemic vascular resistance
1. ) Infant 10-15 woods units/m2
2.) 1-2 years old: 15-20 woods units/m2
3.) Child to adult: 15-30 woods units/m2
a) Factors affecting resistance
i.) Compliance-ease that blood travels through the arteries
1. Constriction and relaxation of smooth muscle of arteries and arterioles
a. ) Sympathetic nervous system
b.) Local tissue metabolism
c.) Hormone responses
d.) Changes in chemical environment
Page 3 of 77
, Question 5
Explain the process of cardiac contraction and relaxation.
What are the roles of actin, myosin, and troponin in this process?
Correct Answer
At rest, active sites on actin are blocked by troponin and tropomyosin complexes. During action potential, troponin C
binds with calcium and moves the complexes off the actin active site. Actin and myosin interact (contract).
"Walk-along" theory:
Head of myosin cross-bridge attached to the actin filament at the active site.
Intra molecular forces cause the myosin head to tilt forward on a flexible hinge and drag the actin filament with it (power
stroke)
Myosin head breaks away and interacts with the next actin active site.
Z disc pulls filaments together at the sarcomeres= muscle contraction.
Question 6
What is the effect of Epinephrine on the cardiovascular system?
Correct Answer
Stronger Alpha 1 than Alpha 2. Works on both, equally strong on Beta 1 (renin release), and Beta 2. Positive inotrope.
Increases heart rate, smooth muscle contraction, myocardial contractility, coronary flow, increase systolic blood pressure,
mild increase in diastolic blood pressure.
Page 4 of 77
and Answers
Question 1
How does blood flow through the heart chambers/valves?
Correct Answer
Superior vena cava to inferior vena cave. Blood then enters the right atrium and passes through the tricuspid valve to the
right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries
where it becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart by the pulmonary veins which enter
the left atrium. From the left atrium blood flows through the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle.
Page 1 of 77
,Question 2
Which coronary arteries provide blood to which part of the heart?
Correct Answer
a. ) Left coronary artery
i.) Left anterior descending artery:widow maker
LV and RV, intraventricular septum
ii. ) Circumflex: LA and left lateral wall of LV.
b. ) Right coronary artery
RV, intraventricular sulcus and small vessels of the RV and LV
Question 3
What factors contribute to blood flow in a vessel?
Correct Answer
Pressure difference between two ends of a vessel
Resistance: r/t diameter of a vessel
Viscosity (n) of the blood
Length (l) of the vessel
Page 2 of 77
,Question 4
What does QP: QS mean and what factors alter a normal ratio?
Correct Answer
Q=blood flow
QP= blood flow to the lungs (pulmonary) : QS= blood flow to the body (systemic)
i ) Vascular resistance =measures in woods units
ii) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
1. ) <8 weeks of age: 8-10 woods units/m2
2. ) >8 weeks of age: 1-3 woods units/m2
iii) Systemic vascular resistance
1. ) Infant 10-15 woods units/m2
2.) 1-2 years old: 15-20 woods units/m2
3.) Child to adult: 15-30 woods units/m2
a) Factors affecting resistance
i.) Compliance-ease that blood travels through the arteries
1. Constriction and relaxation of smooth muscle of arteries and arterioles
a. ) Sympathetic nervous system
b.) Local tissue metabolism
c.) Hormone responses
d.) Changes in chemical environment
Page 3 of 77
, Question 5
Explain the process of cardiac contraction and relaxation.
What are the roles of actin, myosin, and troponin in this process?
Correct Answer
At rest, active sites on actin are blocked by troponin and tropomyosin complexes. During action potential, troponin C
binds with calcium and moves the complexes off the actin active site. Actin and myosin interact (contract).
"Walk-along" theory:
Head of myosin cross-bridge attached to the actin filament at the active site.
Intra molecular forces cause the myosin head to tilt forward on a flexible hinge and drag the actin filament with it (power
stroke)
Myosin head breaks away and interacts with the next actin active site.
Z disc pulls filaments together at the sarcomeres= muscle contraction.
Question 6
What is the effect of Epinephrine on the cardiovascular system?
Correct Answer
Stronger Alpha 1 than Alpha 2. Works on both, equally strong on Beta 1 (renin release), and Beta 2. Positive inotrope.
Increases heart rate, smooth muscle contraction, myocardial contractility, coronary flow, increase systolic blood pressure,
mild increase in diastolic blood pressure.
Page 4 of 77
