UMKC BIO 108 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Correctly identify the description to the Law of Thermodynamics.
1st Law - Answers energy is neither created nor destroyed
Correctly identify the description to the Law of Thermodynamics.
2nd Law - Answers entropy of the universe always increases
Enzymes are not consumed (destroyed) in a chemical reaction. - Answers Correct
Enzymes decrease the free energy change of a reaction. - Answers Incorrect
The potential energy of a molecule is _________. - Answers due to location or structure
Select the correct cellular locations for the following pathways.
1.) The Kreb's cycle
2.) Glycolysis
3.)Fermentation - Answers 1.) Matrix
2.) Cytosol
3.) Cytosol
Provide one example of a catabolic pathway. - Answers glycolysis, or fermentation, or cellular
respiration
If a molecule becomes oxidized, it ______. - Answers loses electrons
Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast? - Answers thylakoids
What products will be produced if the reactants are 3 CO2, 9 ATP, and 6 NADPH? - Answers
glyceraldehydes-3-phospate (G3P)
During photosynthesis, light is absorbed by ___________ pigments. - Answers chlorophyll
These pigments are found in ___________ membranes. - Answers thylakoid
For each type of organism, identify the mechanism used for cell division.
1.) Animals
2.)Bacteria
3.)Plants - Answers 1.)mitosis
2.)binary fission
3.)mitosis
At what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope fragment (disappear)? - Answers prometaphase
After chromosomes are replicated, they stay attached to each other until later stages of mitosis at the
_________. - Answers centromere
Provide one example of a haploid cell. - Answers Gamete
In meiosis, separation of sister chromatids occurs during ______ and separation of homologous
chromosomes occurs during ______ - Answers meiosis II.... meiosis I
Select the best match to indicate which nuclear division process is used by animal cells to produce the
following cell types.
1.)haploid cells
2.)somatic cells
3.)diploid cells - Answers 1.)meiosis
2.)mitosis
3.)mitosis
Does the conversion of ADP + Pi to ATP release energy or require energy? - Answers require energy
Is the reaction of ADP + Pi to ATP endergonic or exergonic? - Answers endergonic
Is the reaction of ATP to ADP + Pi endergonic or exergonic? - Answers exergonic
The last step in glycolysis is a coupled reaction that generates ATP from the conversion of
phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, shown here :
phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O → pyruvate + Pi
ΔG = -14.8 kcal/mol
ADP + Pi + H+ → ATP + H2O
ΔG = 7.3 kcal/mol
What is the net ΔG of this coupled reaction? - Answers -14.8 kcal/mol + 7.3 kcal/mol
A calorimeter is an instrument that can very accurately measure changes in temperature resulting
from a chemical reaction. The equation relating temperature to changes in G is:
, ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Consider the following results and indicate your expectations for the change in value of ΔG.
1.) A solution of pyruvate is incubated with an isomerase, an enzyme that converts a molecule into a
different isomer. The temperature of the solution does not change.
2.)A solution containing ribonucleotides is incubated with RNA polymerase, an enzyme that
synthesizes RNA polymers. The temperature of the solution decreases. - Answers 1.) Delta G remains
unchanged
2.)Delta G increases
Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an
organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics? - Answers As a consequence of
growing, organisms create more disorder in their environment than the decrease in entropy
associated with their growth.
To characterize an unknown bacteria strain some of the bacteria are placed in a flask without a lid but
with a nutrient-rich solution. Another sample of the same bacteria is placed in another flask with the
same solution but the flask is flushed with nitrogen to remove oxygen before an airtight lid is placed
on the flask. After 24 hours only the flask with oxygen has living bacteria growing in the solution. You
conclude that the bacteria are _____. - Answers strict aerobes
In the manufacturing of wine, yeast are added to grape juice and sealed in a container. What process
produces the wine? - Answers The yeast ferment glucose to ethanol.
You are studying the metabolism of a newly discovered fish by measuring the quantity of the
metabolites listed below. Based solely on the activity of glycolysis, what are your expectations if you
measure the concentrations of these molecules?
1.)NAD+
2.)ATP
3.)NADH
4.)CO2
5.)FADH2 - Answers 1.) decrease
2.) increase
3.) increase
4.) no change
5.) no change
In anaerobic conditions, NAD+ is regenerated by _________. - Answers fermentation
During oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration,
1.)What is the yield of ATP from one molecule of NADH?
2.)What is the yield of ATP from one molecule of FADH2? - Answers 1.) 2.5
2.) 1.5
This is the EM spectrum for anthocyanin, a pigment found in some fruits and vegetables. Based on
this spectrum, which of the following foods would you expect to have high levels of anthocyanin? -
Answers purple potatoes
Indicate below the input requirements needed to synthesize one molecule of glucose from the Calvin
cycle.
1.)CO2
2.)NADPH
3.)ATP - Answers 1.) 6
2.) 12
3.) 18
Predict photosynthesis outcomes when a plant is placed in the conditions described below.
1.)A plant is moved from the light into the dark.
2.)A C3 plant is exposed to very high temperatures for 20 days with no rain. - Answers 1.)The light
reactions do not occur, the Calvin cycles does occur.
Correctly identify the description to the Law of Thermodynamics.
1st Law - Answers energy is neither created nor destroyed
Correctly identify the description to the Law of Thermodynamics.
2nd Law - Answers entropy of the universe always increases
Enzymes are not consumed (destroyed) in a chemical reaction. - Answers Correct
Enzymes decrease the free energy change of a reaction. - Answers Incorrect
The potential energy of a molecule is _________. - Answers due to location or structure
Select the correct cellular locations for the following pathways.
1.) The Kreb's cycle
2.) Glycolysis
3.)Fermentation - Answers 1.) Matrix
2.) Cytosol
3.) Cytosol
Provide one example of a catabolic pathway. - Answers glycolysis, or fermentation, or cellular
respiration
If a molecule becomes oxidized, it ______. - Answers loses electrons
Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast? - Answers thylakoids
What products will be produced if the reactants are 3 CO2, 9 ATP, and 6 NADPH? - Answers
glyceraldehydes-3-phospate (G3P)
During photosynthesis, light is absorbed by ___________ pigments. - Answers chlorophyll
These pigments are found in ___________ membranes. - Answers thylakoid
For each type of organism, identify the mechanism used for cell division.
1.) Animals
2.)Bacteria
3.)Plants - Answers 1.)mitosis
2.)binary fission
3.)mitosis
At what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope fragment (disappear)? - Answers prometaphase
After chromosomes are replicated, they stay attached to each other until later stages of mitosis at the
_________. - Answers centromere
Provide one example of a haploid cell. - Answers Gamete
In meiosis, separation of sister chromatids occurs during ______ and separation of homologous
chromosomes occurs during ______ - Answers meiosis II.... meiosis I
Select the best match to indicate which nuclear division process is used by animal cells to produce the
following cell types.
1.)haploid cells
2.)somatic cells
3.)diploid cells - Answers 1.)meiosis
2.)mitosis
3.)mitosis
Does the conversion of ADP + Pi to ATP release energy or require energy? - Answers require energy
Is the reaction of ADP + Pi to ATP endergonic or exergonic? - Answers endergonic
Is the reaction of ATP to ADP + Pi endergonic or exergonic? - Answers exergonic
The last step in glycolysis is a coupled reaction that generates ATP from the conversion of
phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, shown here :
phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O → pyruvate + Pi
ΔG = -14.8 kcal/mol
ADP + Pi + H+ → ATP + H2O
ΔG = 7.3 kcal/mol
What is the net ΔG of this coupled reaction? - Answers -14.8 kcal/mol + 7.3 kcal/mol
A calorimeter is an instrument that can very accurately measure changes in temperature resulting
from a chemical reaction. The equation relating temperature to changes in G is:
, ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Consider the following results and indicate your expectations for the change in value of ΔG.
1.) A solution of pyruvate is incubated with an isomerase, an enzyme that converts a molecule into a
different isomer. The temperature of the solution does not change.
2.)A solution containing ribonucleotides is incubated with RNA polymerase, an enzyme that
synthesizes RNA polymers. The temperature of the solution decreases. - Answers 1.) Delta G remains
unchanged
2.)Delta G increases
Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an
organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics? - Answers As a consequence of
growing, organisms create more disorder in their environment than the decrease in entropy
associated with their growth.
To characterize an unknown bacteria strain some of the bacteria are placed in a flask without a lid but
with a nutrient-rich solution. Another sample of the same bacteria is placed in another flask with the
same solution but the flask is flushed with nitrogen to remove oxygen before an airtight lid is placed
on the flask. After 24 hours only the flask with oxygen has living bacteria growing in the solution. You
conclude that the bacteria are _____. - Answers strict aerobes
In the manufacturing of wine, yeast are added to grape juice and sealed in a container. What process
produces the wine? - Answers The yeast ferment glucose to ethanol.
You are studying the metabolism of a newly discovered fish by measuring the quantity of the
metabolites listed below. Based solely on the activity of glycolysis, what are your expectations if you
measure the concentrations of these molecules?
1.)NAD+
2.)ATP
3.)NADH
4.)CO2
5.)FADH2 - Answers 1.) decrease
2.) increase
3.) increase
4.) no change
5.) no change
In anaerobic conditions, NAD+ is regenerated by _________. - Answers fermentation
During oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration,
1.)What is the yield of ATP from one molecule of NADH?
2.)What is the yield of ATP from one molecule of FADH2? - Answers 1.) 2.5
2.) 1.5
This is the EM spectrum for anthocyanin, a pigment found in some fruits and vegetables. Based on
this spectrum, which of the following foods would you expect to have high levels of anthocyanin? -
Answers purple potatoes
Indicate below the input requirements needed to synthesize one molecule of glucose from the Calvin
cycle.
1.)CO2
2.)NADPH
3.)ATP - Answers 1.) 6
2.) 12
3.) 18
Predict photosynthesis outcomes when a plant is placed in the conditions described below.
1.)A plant is moved from the light into the dark.
2.)A C3 plant is exposed to very high temperatures for 20 days with no rain. - Answers 1.)The light
reactions do not occur, the Calvin cycles does occur.
