PSYC 140 UPDATED EXAM MANUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔what is related to satisfaction? - ✔✔personality, sensitivity to rejection, demographic
factors, age
✔✔the four horsemen of the apocalypse - ✔✔criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling,
contempt
✔✔culture - ✔✔culture matters with love
our concepts of love: very western, doesn't apply to most world cultures
arranged marriages are more typical
✔✔3 components of intergroup bias - ✔✔stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination
✔✔stereotypes - ✔✔beliefs that certain attributes are characteristic of members of
particular groups
✔✔prejudice - ✔✔attitudinal and affective response toward a group and it's individual
members
✔✔discrimination - ✔✔negative or harmful behavior directed toward members of a
particular group
✔✔modern racism - ✔✔prejudice directed at racial groups that exists alongside the
rejection of explicitly racist beliefs (more subtle)
would never join KKK but would be more cautious around black people
✔✔benevolent racism - ✔✔chivalrous ideology
affection/protectiveness towards women who embrace conventional roles
✔✔hostile racism - ✔✔dislike of a group
✔✔IAT - ✔✔faster responses for words stereotypically associated with each other
✔✔economic perspective - ✔✔what happens when you have limited resources?
✔✔realistic group conflict theory - ✔✔group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are
likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources
, ✔✔Robbers Cave Experiment - ✔✔boys sent to special remote camp, developed
attachment and competitions between groups. prejudice began to become apparent
lessons: no difference in background/appearance needed, competition against outsiders
increases group cohesion, find common goal to reduce hostility
✔✔motivational perspective - ✔✔emphasizes psychological needs that lead to
intergroup conflict
✔✔minimal groups paradigm - ✔✔henri tajfel served in french army before being a
german prisoner in WW2, created minimal groups
groups determined by bare minimum
✔✔social identity theory - ✔✔people's self esteem derives not only from their personal
identity and accomplishments, but also from the status and accomplishments of the
various groups to which they belong
criticizing other groups can help strengthen/maintain your self-esteem
✔✔cognitive perspective - ✔✔stereotyping is inevitable
people categorize everything
✔✔study: morning and night people - ✔✔when we're tired we invoke more stereotypes
✔✔minimal groups - ✔✔just by dividing people into groups leads people to see less
variability within their own groups
✔✔outgroup homogeneity effect - ✔✔the tendency for people to assume that within-
group similarity is much stronger for outgroups than for ingroups
✔✔princeton vs rutgers study - ✔✔shows people see more variability of habit and
opinion among members of ingroup than outgoup
✔✔paired distinctiveness - ✔✔the pairing of two distinctive events that stand out even
more because they occur together
✔✔when do people generalize behaviors and traits? - ✔✔when they already suspect
the behaviors and traits may be typical of the group's members
✔✔subtyping - ✔✔creating a subgroup of a stereotyped group to explain away
exceptions
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔what is related to satisfaction? - ✔✔personality, sensitivity to rejection, demographic
factors, age
✔✔the four horsemen of the apocalypse - ✔✔criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling,
contempt
✔✔culture - ✔✔culture matters with love
our concepts of love: very western, doesn't apply to most world cultures
arranged marriages are more typical
✔✔3 components of intergroup bias - ✔✔stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination
✔✔stereotypes - ✔✔beliefs that certain attributes are characteristic of members of
particular groups
✔✔prejudice - ✔✔attitudinal and affective response toward a group and it's individual
members
✔✔discrimination - ✔✔negative or harmful behavior directed toward members of a
particular group
✔✔modern racism - ✔✔prejudice directed at racial groups that exists alongside the
rejection of explicitly racist beliefs (more subtle)
would never join KKK but would be more cautious around black people
✔✔benevolent racism - ✔✔chivalrous ideology
affection/protectiveness towards women who embrace conventional roles
✔✔hostile racism - ✔✔dislike of a group
✔✔IAT - ✔✔faster responses for words stereotypically associated with each other
✔✔economic perspective - ✔✔what happens when you have limited resources?
✔✔realistic group conflict theory - ✔✔group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are
likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources
, ✔✔Robbers Cave Experiment - ✔✔boys sent to special remote camp, developed
attachment and competitions between groups. prejudice began to become apparent
lessons: no difference in background/appearance needed, competition against outsiders
increases group cohesion, find common goal to reduce hostility
✔✔motivational perspective - ✔✔emphasizes psychological needs that lead to
intergroup conflict
✔✔minimal groups paradigm - ✔✔henri tajfel served in french army before being a
german prisoner in WW2, created minimal groups
groups determined by bare minimum
✔✔social identity theory - ✔✔people's self esteem derives not only from their personal
identity and accomplishments, but also from the status and accomplishments of the
various groups to which they belong
criticizing other groups can help strengthen/maintain your self-esteem
✔✔cognitive perspective - ✔✔stereotyping is inevitable
people categorize everything
✔✔study: morning and night people - ✔✔when we're tired we invoke more stereotypes
✔✔minimal groups - ✔✔just by dividing people into groups leads people to see less
variability within their own groups
✔✔outgroup homogeneity effect - ✔✔the tendency for people to assume that within-
group similarity is much stronger for outgroups than for ingroups
✔✔princeton vs rutgers study - ✔✔shows people see more variability of habit and
opinion among members of ingroup than outgoup
✔✔paired distinctiveness - ✔✔the pairing of two distinctive events that stand out even
more because they occur together
✔✔when do people generalize behaviors and traits? - ✔✔when they already suspect
the behaviors and traits may be typical of the group's members
✔✔subtyping - ✔✔creating a subgroup of a stereotyped group to explain away
exceptions
