NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
2 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
2026
Functions of the skin correct answer -First line of defense
-Prevents excessive fluid loss
-Controls body temperature
-Active in sensory perception
-Synthesizes vitamin D
Mixed flora correct answer Components differ in various areas
of the body
Microbes correct answer Reside under fingernails, in hair
follicles and in glands
Opportunistic infections correct answer May occur because of
injury or other inflammatory lesion
Pruritus correct answer Itching of the skin
Pruritus is associated with: correct answer -Allergic responses,
type I sensitivity
-Chemical irritation caused by insect bites
-Infestations by parasites (scabies)
,Cause of pruritus correct answer Release of histamine in a
hypersensitivity response
Effects of pruritus correct answer -Redness and itching -
inflammation
-Risk of infection due to scratching
Contact Dermatitis correct answer Allergic skin rash, caused
by a type IV reaction to direct contact with a chemical
Allergic contact dermatitis correct answer Exposure to an
antigen, such as metals, cosmetics, soaps, chemicals, plants
Sensitization occurs on first exposure - type IV cell-mediated
hypersensitivity correct answer Allergic contact dermatitis
Symptom of allergic contact dermatitis correct answer Pruritic
rash develops at site a few hours after exposure
Irritant contact dermatitis correct answer Inflammatory
because of direct exposure irritant, does not involve immune
response
Treatment of irritant contact dermatitis correct answer -
Removal of irritant
-Reduction of inflammation with topical glucocorticoids
, Urticaria correct answer Hives
Causes of urticaria correct answer Ingestion of substances,
release histamine
-Result of type I hypersensitivity
Effects of urticaria correct answer -Eruption of hard, raised
erythematous lesion
-Often scattered all over the body
-Highly pruritic
What to do when urticaria is noted correct answer -Check for
pharyngeal mucosa and check airway
-Administer EpiPen or other first aid as required
Psoriasis correct answer -Chronic inflammatory skin disorder
-Considered to be genetic in origin
-Onset usually in teen years
Causes of psoriasis correct answer -Results from abnormal T
cell activation
-Rate of cellular proliferation is increased, leading to thickening of
dermis and epidermis
Signs/symptoms of psoriasis correct answer -Lesion beginning
as small red papule that enlarges
-Formation of silvery plaque
2 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
2026
Functions of the skin correct answer -First line of defense
-Prevents excessive fluid loss
-Controls body temperature
-Active in sensory perception
-Synthesizes vitamin D
Mixed flora correct answer Components differ in various areas
of the body
Microbes correct answer Reside under fingernails, in hair
follicles and in glands
Opportunistic infections correct answer May occur because of
injury or other inflammatory lesion
Pruritus correct answer Itching of the skin
Pruritus is associated with: correct answer -Allergic responses,
type I sensitivity
-Chemical irritation caused by insect bites
-Infestations by parasites (scabies)
,Cause of pruritus correct answer Release of histamine in a
hypersensitivity response
Effects of pruritus correct answer -Redness and itching -
inflammation
-Risk of infection due to scratching
Contact Dermatitis correct answer Allergic skin rash, caused
by a type IV reaction to direct contact with a chemical
Allergic contact dermatitis correct answer Exposure to an
antigen, such as metals, cosmetics, soaps, chemicals, plants
Sensitization occurs on first exposure - type IV cell-mediated
hypersensitivity correct answer Allergic contact dermatitis
Symptom of allergic contact dermatitis correct answer Pruritic
rash develops at site a few hours after exposure
Irritant contact dermatitis correct answer Inflammatory
because of direct exposure irritant, does not involve immune
response
Treatment of irritant contact dermatitis correct answer -
Removal of irritant
-Reduction of inflammation with topical glucocorticoids
, Urticaria correct answer Hives
Causes of urticaria correct answer Ingestion of substances,
release histamine
-Result of type I hypersensitivity
Effects of urticaria correct answer -Eruption of hard, raised
erythematous lesion
-Often scattered all over the body
-Highly pruritic
What to do when urticaria is noted correct answer -Check for
pharyngeal mucosa and check airway
-Administer EpiPen or other first aid as required
Psoriasis correct answer -Chronic inflammatory skin disorder
-Considered to be genetic in origin
-Onset usually in teen years
Causes of psoriasis correct answer -Results from abnormal T
cell activation
-Rate of cellular proliferation is increased, leading to thickening of
dermis and epidermis
Signs/symptoms of psoriasis correct answer -Lesion beginning
as small red papule that enlarges
-Formation of silvery plaque
