OEC UPDATED FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Left atrium - ✔✔the chamber of the heart that receives oxygen-rich blood from the
lungs
✔✔Left ventricle - ✔✔the chamber of the heart that pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest
of the body
✔✔Valves - ✔✔what do veins have that arteries don't?
✔✔red blood cells - ✔✔the component of blood that carries oxygen to cells and carries
carbon dioxide to the lungs
✔✔white blood cells - ✔✔the component of blood that is part of the body's immune
system and helps fight infection
✔✔platelets - ✔✔the component of blood that forms blood clots to reduce blood loss
✔✔plasma - ✔✔the component of blood that carries blood cells and waste around the
body
✔✔nervous system - ✔✔a group of organs and other structures that regulate and
control all body functions
✔✔central nervous system - ✔✔the part of the nervous system that contains the brain
and spinal cord
✔✔peripheral nervous system - ✔✔the part of the nervous system that carries
messages from the central nervous system to the extremities of the body
✔✔cerebellum - ✔✔the part of the brain inferior to the cerebrum that is responsible for
certain constant and involuntary functions such as the coordination of movement
✔✔Brainstem - ✔✔The lower part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuos with
the spinal cord. Controls involuntary functions like pulse and respirations.
✔✔cerebrospinal fluid - ✔✔the clear, colorless fluid that surrounds the central nervous
system that makes the brain float, offers protection, and regulates chemical stability
✔✔spinal cord - ✔✔the part of the nervous system that transmits messages from the
brain to the peripheral nervous system
✔✔brain - ✔✔the organ that coordinates body functions
,✔✔gastrointestinal system - ✔✔the organ system that absorbs nutrients and water from
food.
✔✔Esophagus - ✔✔the part of the GI system that connects the mouth to the stomach
and carries food
✔✔stomach - ✔✔the part of the GI system that breaks down food with hydrochloric acid
✔✔small intestine - ✔✔the part of the GI system that further breaks down food and
absorbs nutrients
✔✔Colon - ✔✔the part of the GI system that stores waste and absorbs water from food
✔✔liver - ✔✔the organ that aids in the digestions of fats by producing bile. It is also
responsible for producing proteins and breaking down toxins
✔✔gallbladder - ✔✔the organ that stores bile
✔✔pancreas - ✔✔the organ that secretes juices that aid in the digestion of fats,
starches, and proteins. It is also where insulin and glucogen are produced
✔✔oral cavity - ✔✔ingests, chews, and swallows food
✔✔Urinary system - ✔✔a group of organs and structures that remove liquid wastes and
toxins from the blood and excrete them as urine
✔✔kidneys - ✔✔the organs in the back that filter metabolic wastes from the blood and
regulate water balance in the body
✔✔ureters - ✔✔the organs that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
✔✔bladder - ✔✔a small, muscular sac that stores urine
✔✔urethra - ✔✔the organ that carries urine from the bladder out of the body
✔✔endocrine system - ✔✔a group of organs and other structures that produce chemical
substances that act as messages throughout the body
✔✔pituitary gland - ✔✔the "master gland" that regulates all other glands and regulates
growth
✔✔adrenaline - ✔✔a hormone that is secreted under stress that increases heart rate
and respiratory rate
, ✔✔integumentary system - ✔✔a group of specialized tissues that protect the body,
retain fluids, and help prevent infection; the skin
✔✔dermis - ✔✔the inner layer of the skin; contains hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve
endings, and blood vessels
✔✔subcutaneous layer - ✔✔the layer under the dermis that is made up of fatty tissue
✔✔Skeletal system - ✔✔a group of specialized organs (bones and ligaments) that
provide support to the body, provide attachment points for muscles, protect internal
organs, allow movement, store minerals, and constitute one of the sites where blood
cells are made; the bones
✔✔cortex - ✔✔the outer region of a bone
✔✔marrow - ✔✔the inner region of a bone that produces blood cells
✔✔Skull - ✔✔the bones of the cranium and face that protect the brain
✔✔Spinal column - ✔✔a series of bones that protects the spinal cord. It is made up of
33 bones called vertebrae that are divided into five sections: 7 cervical (neck), 12
thoracic (upper back), 5 lumbar (lower back), 5 sacral (fused together in the lower
spine), and 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
✔✔Thorax - ✔✔made up of 12 pairs of ribs, the sternum, and thoracic spine. 10 of the
12 pairs of ribs are attached to the sternum by cartilage
✔✔Pelvis - ✔✔made up of three sets of paired bones, the ilium, the pubis, and the
ischium, this group of bones protects the bladder and internal reproductive organs
✔✔upper extremities - ✔✔include the shoulders, upper arms, forearms, wrists, and
hands; arms. The upper arm bone is the humerus and the forearm is made of two
bones, the ulna on the pinkie side and the radius on the thumb side. They are attached
to the trunk at the shoulder girdle (collarbone and shoulder blade)
✔✔Lower extremities - ✔✔include the hips, upper and lower legs, ankles, and feet;
legs. The upper leg bone is the femur, the lower legs are made of two bones, the tibia
and fibia. The patella (knee cap) is a small circular disc that protects the knee joint.
✔✔Muscular system - ✔✔a group of specialized tissues that allow movement of the
body, movement within the organs of the body, and the beating of the heart
✔✔tendon - ✔✔an extension of a muscle that connects muscle to bone
GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Left atrium - ✔✔the chamber of the heart that receives oxygen-rich blood from the
lungs
✔✔Left ventricle - ✔✔the chamber of the heart that pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest
of the body
✔✔Valves - ✔✔what do veins have that arteries don't?
✔✔red blood cells - ✔✔the component of blood that carries oxygen to cells and carries
carbon dioxide to the lungs
✔✔white blood cells - ✔✔the component of blood that is part of the body's immune
system and helps fight infection
✔✔platelets - ✔✔the component of blood that forms blood clots to reduce blood loss
✔✔plasma - ✔✔the component of blood that carries blood cells and waste around the
body
✔✔nervous system - ✔✔a group of organs and other structures that regulate and
control all body functions
✔✔central nervous system - ✔✔the part of the nervous system that contains the brain
and spinal cord
✔✔peripheral nervous system - ✔✔the part of the nervous system that carries
messages from the central nervous system to the extremities of the body
✔✔cerebellum - ✔✔the part of the brain inferior to the cerebrum that is responsible for
certain constant and involuntary functions such as the coordination of movement
✔✔Brainstem - ✔✔The lower part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuos with
the spinal cord. Controls involuntary functions like pulse and respirations.
✔✔cerebrospinal fluid - ✔✔the clear, colorless fluid that surrounds the central nervous
system that makes the brain float, offers protection, and regulates chemical stability
✔✔spinal cord - ✔✔the part of the nervous system that transmits messages from the
brain to the peripheral nervous system
✔✔brain - ✔✔the organ that coordinates body functions
,✔✔gastrointestinal system - ✔✔the organ system that absorbs nutrients and water from
food.
✔✔Esophagus - ✔✔the part of the GI system that connects the mouth to the stomach
and carries food
✔✔stomach - ✔✔the part of the GI system that breaks down food with hydrochloric acid
✔✔small intestine - ✔✔the part of the GI system that further breaks down food and
absorbs nutrients
✔✔Colon - ✔✔the part of the GI system that stores waste and absorbs water from food
✔✔liver - ✔✔the organ that aids in the digestions of fats by producing bile. It is also
responsible for producing proteins and breaking down toxins
✔✔gallbladder - ✔✔the organ that stores bile
✔✔pancreas - ✔✔the organ that secretes juices that aid in the digestion of fats,
starches, and proteins. It is also where insulin and glucogen are produced
✔✔oral cavity - ✔✔ingests, chews, and swallows food
✔✔Urinary system - ✔✔a group of organs and structures that remove liquid wastes and
toxins from the blood and excrete them as urine
✔✔kidneys - ✔✔the organs in the back that filter metabolic wastes from the blood and
regulate water balance in the body
✔✔ureters - ✔✔the organs that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
✔✔bladder - ✔✔a small, muscular sac that stores urine
✔✔urethra - ✔✔the organ that carries urine from the bladder out of the body
✔✔endocrine system - ✔✔a group of organs and other structures that produce chemical
substances that act as messages throughout the body
✔✔pituitary gland - ✔✔the "master gland" that regulates all other glands and regulates
growth
✔✔adrenaline - ✔✔a hormone that is secreted under stress that increases heart rate
and respiratory rate
, ✔✔integumentary system - ✔✔a group of specialized tissues that protect the body,
retain fluids, and help prevent infection; the skin
✔✔dermis - ✔✔the inner layer of the skin; contains hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve
endings, and blood vessels
✔✔subcutaneous layer - ✔✔the layer under the dermis that is made up of fatty tissue
✔✔Skeletal system - ✔✔a group of specialized organs (bones and ligaments) that
provide support to the body, provide attachment points for muscles, protect internal
organs, allow movement, store minerals, and constitute one of the sites where blood
cells are made; the bones
✔✔cortex - ✔✔the outer region of a bone
✔✔marrow - ✔✔the inner region of a bone that produces blood cells
✔✔Skull - ✔✔the bones of the cranium and face that protect the brain
✔✔Spinal column - ✔✔a series of bones that protects the spinal cord. It is made up of
33 bones called vertebrae that are divided into five sections: 7 cervical (neck), 12
thoracic (upper back), 5 lumbar (lower back), 5 sacral (fused together in the lower
spine), and 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
✔✔Thorax - ✔✔made up of 12 pairs of ribs, the sternum, and thoracic spine. 10 of the
12 pairs of ribs are attached to the sternum by cartilage
✔✔Pelvis - ✔✔made up of three sets of paired bones, the ilium, the pubis, and the
ischium, this group of bones protects the bladder and internal reproductive organs
✔✔upper extremities - ✔✔include the shoulders, upper arms, forearms, wrists, and
hands; arms. The upper arm bone is the humerus and the forearm is made of two
bones, the ulna on the pinkie side and the radius on the thumb side. They are attached
to the trunk at the shoulder girdle (collarbone and shoulder blade)
✔✔Lower extremities - ✔✔include the hips, upper and lower legs, ankles, and feet;
legs. The upper leg bone is the femur, the lower legs are made of two bones, the tibia
and fibia. The patella (knee cap) is a small circular disc that protects the knee joint.
✔✔Muscular system - ✔✔a group of specialized tissues that allow movement of the
body, movement within the organs of the body, and the beating of the heart
✔✔tendon - ✔✔an extension of a muscle that connects muscle to bone
