BIOD 101 COMPREHENSIVE 2026/2027 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔The first step of the CAC is a ____________ phase sometimes simply called
______ oxidation. - ✔✔preparation
pyruvate
✔✔True or False: The electron transport chain is an anabolic pathway. - ✔✔False; the
electron transport chain is catabolic pathway
✔✔How does the electron transport chain generate ATP? - ✔✔By establishing a proton
gradient across the mitochondrial membrane that leads electrons to ATP Synthase
✔✔Explain the process of oxidative phosphorylation. - ✔✔In oxidative phosphorylation
ATP is produced by the oxidation of the NADH and FADH2 and then the
phosphorylation and conversion of ADP into ATP.
✔✔What role do electron carriers play in the electron transport chain and what are the 3
electron carriers of the chain? - ✔✔Electron carriers transport electrons between
complexes of the Electron Transport Chain.
-Ubiquinone
-Cytochrome
-Oxygen
✔✔What is the role of ATP synthase in the electron transport chain? - ✔✔ATP synthase
generates ATP via chemiosmosis.
✔✔What are the two main forms of fermentation? - ✔✔Alcohol Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Oxygen is the final electron
acceptor in the ETC in anaerobic respiration. - ✔✔False; Oxygen is not the final
electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration.
✔✔Which of the following chemical reactions occurs when a biomacromolecule is
degraded, resulting in the gain of a water molecule? - ✔✔hydrolysis
✔✔What is another name for the Citric Acid Cycle? - ✔✔Krebs cycle
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Catabolism refers to the sum of all
synthetic energy-requiring biochemical reactions. - ✔✔False; Catabolism refers to the
sum of all the energy-releasing biochemical reactions
, ✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Isocitrate is produced in Reaction 1
of the Citric Acid Cycle. - ✔✔False; Citrate is produced in Reaction 1 of the Citric Acid
Cycle
✔✔What is the electron transport chain composed of and where does it take place? -
✔✔The electron transport chain is composed of multiple protein complexes and electron
carriers. It takes place in the mitochondria.
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Anaerobic respiration involves the
consumption of oxygen. - ✔✔False; Aerobic respiration involves the consumption of
oxygen.
✔✔Which of the electron carriers has the greatest affinity for electrons? - ✔✔oxygen
✔✔Where does the entire process of glycolysis occur in the cell? - ✔✔cytoplasm
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: In Reaction 8 of the Citric Acid
Cycle, succinate is oxidized. - ✔✔False; In Reaction 8 of the Citric Acid Cylce, malate is
oxidized.
✔✔What is chemiosmosis? - ✔✔The process of ATP being produced through the use of
energy that is generated by the Electron Transport Chain and the proton gradient.
✔✔What are the TWO main phases of glycolysis? - ✔✔-Energy Investment Phase
-Energy Payoff Phase
✔✔Which of the following Citric Acid Cycle reactions involves hydrolysis of fumarate to
form malate? - ✔✔reaction 7
✔✔What is the electron carrier of Complexes I and II in the electron transport chain? -
✔✔ubiquinone
✔✔The reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle occur in what part of the cell? -
✔✔mitochondria
✔✔List the FOUR main parts of ATP synthase. - ✔✔1) The stator, (2) the rotor, (3) the
internal rod (or axle), and (4) the catalytic knob
✔✔What are the THREE processes that make up cellular respiration? - ✔✔(1)
Glycolysis, (2) the citric acid cycle, and the (3) electron transport chain
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔The first step of the CAC is a ____________ phase sometimes simply called
______ oxidation. - ✔✔preparation
pyruvate
✔✔True or False: The electron transport chain is an anabolic pathway. - ✔✔False; the
electron transport chain is catabolic pathway
✔✔How does the electron transport chain generate ATP? - ✔✔By establishing a proton
gradient across the mitochondrial membrane that leads electrons to ATP Synthase
✔✔Explain the process of oxidative phosphorylation. - ✔✔In oxidative phosphorylation
ATP is produced by the oxidation of the NADH and FADH2 and then the
phosphorylation and conversion of ADP into ATP.
✔✔What role do electron carriers play in the electron transport chain and what are the 3
electron carriers of the chain? - ✔✔Electron carriers transport electrons between
complexes of the Electron Transport Chain.
-Ubiquinone
-Cytochrome
-Oxygen
✔✔What is the role of ATP synthase in the electron transport chain? - ✔✔ATP synthase
generates ATP via chemiosmosis.
✔✔What are the two main forms of fermentation? - ✔✔Alcohol Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Oxygen is the final electron
acceptor in the ETC in anaerobic respiration. - ✔✔False; Oxygen is not the final
electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration.
✔✔Which of the following chemical reactions occurs when a biomacromolecule is
degraded, resulting in the gain of a water molecule? - ✔✔hydrolysis
✔✔What is another name for the Citric Acid Cycle? - ✔✔Krebs cycle
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Catabolism refers to the sum of all
synthetic energy-requiring biochemical reactions. - ✔✔False; Catabolism refers to the
sum of all the energy-releasing biochemical reactions
, ✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Isocitrate is produced in Reaction 1
of the Citric Acid Cycle. - ✔✔False; Citrate is produced in Reaction 1 of the Citric Acid
Cycle
✔✔What is the electron transport chain composed of and where does it take place? -
✔✔The electron transport chain is composed of multiple protein complexes and electron
carriers. It takes place in the mitochondria.
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Anaerobic respiration involves the
consumption of oxygen. - ✔✔False; Aerobic respiration involves the consumption of
oxygen.
✔✔Which of the electron carriers has the greatest affinity for electrons? - ✔✔oxygen
✔✔Where does the entire process of glycolysis occur in the cell? - ✔✔cytoplasm
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: In Reaction 8 of the Citric Acid
Cycle, succinate is oxidized. - ✔✔False; In Reaction 8 of the Citric Acid Cylce, malate is
oxidized.
✔✔What is chemiosmosis? - ✔✔The process of ATP being produced through the use of
energy that is generated by the Electron Transport Chain and the proton gradient.
✔✔What are the TWO main phases of glycolysis? - ✔✔-Energy Investment Phase
-Energy Payoff Phase
✔✔Which of the following Citric Acid Cycle reactions involves hydrolysis of fumarate to
form malate? - ✔✔reaction 7
✔✔What is the electron carrier of Complexes I and II in the electron transport chain? -
✔✔ubiquinone
✔✔The reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle occur in what part of the cell? -
✔✔mitochondria
✔✔List the FOUR main parts of ATP synthase. - ✔✔1) The stator, (2) the rotor, (3) the
internal rod (or axle), and (4) the catalytic knob
✔✔What are the THREE processes that make up cellular respiration? - ✔✔(1)
Glycolysis, (2) the citric acid cycle, and the (3) electron transport chain
