Making 2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | 100% Solved
Frame the Problem, Solving the Problem and Communicating Results are
part of which decision making model? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Davenport-Kim
three-stage model
In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is problem recognition? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Framing the problem
In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is data collection? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Solving the problem
,What is a key reason we study statistics? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔To make
informed decisions
Visually presenting the data assists in which stage of the Davenport-Kim
model? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Communicating the results
When does research fail to produce reliable results? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Poor
research validity
What are the two major issues surrounding research standards? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Best practices and ethics
In order to be a statistically valid sample, the sample must be: - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔The appropriate size and random
Not selecting a random sample is what type of bias? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Measurement
Not selecting a right sized sample is what type of bias? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Measurement
Research best practices eliminate... - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Bias
Outliers create this type of error - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Out-of Range
, Unpredictable error - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Random Error - No correlation
Error may occur from missing data. (Example: Space not filled in) -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Omission Error - Distorted results
This error repeats itself - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Systematic Error - Skewed results
Observation points that are distant from other observations. - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Outliers Note: Can be included or excluded in analysis (causes
skewness)
Types of Bias: Bias that occurs from not selecting a random sample -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Measurement bias
Types of Bias: Bias introduced because respondents believe it will be
beneficial if selected. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Conscious bias (key word: benefit)
Consistent and repeatable data - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Reliable
Resulting from accurate measurements - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Valid data
If a responder lies on their survey, this creates what type of bias? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Information
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