CBIS EXAMINATION PAPER 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Acquired BI. Answer: An injury to the brain that is not hereditary,
congenital or degenerative or induced by birth trauma
◉ TBI. Answer: An alteration in brain function or other evidence of
brain pathology, casused by an external force
◉ Mild TBI Characteristics. Answer: Brief or no loss of consciousness
for 0-30mins, altered state of consciousness is most common and must
be <24 hours, account for 75% of TBIs, 13-15 on the GCS, normal
imaging, highest prevalence of maltreatment as 16-25% never seek care,
often considered a concussion
◉ Moderate TBI Characteristics. Answer: Loss of consciousness for up
to 24 hours, may appear on scans, skull fractures and bleeding are
common, 9-12 on the GCS
◉ Severe TBI Characteristics. Answer: Loss of consciousness >24
hours, 3-8 on the GCS
,◉ Likelihood of Additional Injury. Answer: 1 BI increases risk of 2nd by
3x and 2nd BI increases risk of 3rd by 8x!
◉ Most Frequent Cause of TBI. Answer: Falls
◉ How many people sustain a BI per year?. Answer: 2.5 million. 81%
visit ED, 16% hsopitalized, 3% result in death
◉ How many people are living with effects of a TBI?. Answer: 13.5
million
◉ Likelihood of BI by gender. Answer: Men are 1.4x more likely than
women
◉ Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 75+. Answer: Falls!
◉ Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 0-3. Answer: AHT!
◉ Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 20-24. Answer: MVAs
and Firearms
◉ Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 16-19. Answer:
MVAs!
,◉ CARF. Answer: Accreditation agency for post acute BI programs,
residential, outpatient, vocational, home and community, stroke and
pediatric programs - ensures quality of services through requirements for
accreditation and surveys
◉ Joint Commission. Answer: Accreditation agency for hospital based
programs, may accompany CARF accreditation, ensures quality of
services through requirements for accreditation and surveys
◉ Olmsted Decison. Answer: Supreme court case stimulated by two
women living in a nursing home in Georgia for community inclusion -
resulted in federal and state initiatives to improve and normalize
community living
◉ Model Systems of Care 1987. Answer: Resulted in research projects
for TBI by the NIDDR, established rehab facilities to provide care and
complete clinical research in the process
◉ Symptoms of Mild TBI. Answer: Headache, fatigue, seizures, nausea,
numbness, poor sleep, light sensitivity, noise sensitivity, impaired
hearing, blurred vision, dizziness, loss of balance, neurological
abnormality, in attentiveness, decreased concentration, poor memory,
impaired judgment, slow proccessing speed, executive dysfunction,
depression, anxiety, agitation, irritability, aggression, impulsivity
, ◉ Primary causes of Mild TBI. Answer: Traumatic intertial - brain
moving inside skull
Traumatic impact - head hits directly
◉ Early Treatment for Mild TBI. Answer: Relaxation techniques, rest,
slow return to normal activity, and reduction of normal activity if
symptoms recur
◉ Peristent Post Concussive Symptoms (PPCS). Answer: Symptoms of
Mild TBI last >1 month, occurs 10% of the time in Mild TBI cases
◉ Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). Answer: Often cause by
repeated blows to the head, is a progressive, degenerative condition
characterized by broken nuerons which continually release tau protein
cashing dementia over time
Diffuse axonal injury -> tau protein release -> inflammation of the brain
-> progressive dementia
◉ Define Skull. Answer: Bony shell that protects the brain, has bony
prominences inside which can worsen brain injury
◉ Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF). Answer: Provides cushion to nerve
tissue, produced by ventricles (4) which also store and circulation CSF
through the brain
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Acquired BI. Answer: An injury to the brain that is not hereditary,
congenital or degenerative or induced by birth trauma
◉ TBI. Answer: An alteration in brain function or other evidence of
brain pathology, casused by an external force
◉ Mild TBI Characteristics. Answer: Brief or no loss of consciousness
for 0-30mins, altered state of consciousness is most common and must
be <24 hours, account for 75% of TBIs, 13-15 on the GCS, normal
imaging, highest prevalence of maltreatment as 16-25% never seek care,
often considered a concussion
◉ Moderate TBI Characteristics. Answer: Loss of consciousness for up
to 24 hours, may appear on scans, skull fractures and bleeding are
common, 9-12 on the GCS
◉ Severe TBI Characteristics. Answer: Loss of consciousness >24
hours, 3-8 on the GCS
,◉ Likelihood of Additional Injury. Answer: 1 BI increases risk of 2nd by
3x and 2nd BI increases risk of 3rd by 8x!
◉ Most Frequent Cause of TBI. Answer: Falls
◉ How many people sustain a BI per year?. Answer: 2.5 million. 81%
visit ED, 16% hsopitalized, 3% result in death
◉ How many people are living with effects of a TBI?. Answer: 13.5
million
◉ Likelihood of BI by gender. Answer: Men are 1.4x more likely than
women
◉ Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 75+. Answer: Falls!
◉ Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 0-3. Answer: AHT!
◉ Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 20-24. Answer: MVAs
and Firearms
◉ Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 16-19. Answer:
MVAs!
,◉ CARF. Answer: Accreditation agency for post acute BI programs,
residential, outpatient, vocational, home and community, stroke and
pediatric programs - ensures quality of services through requirements for
accreditation and surveys
◉ Joint Commission. Answer: Accreditation agency for hospital based
programs, may accompany CARF accreditation, ensures quality of
services through requirements for accreditation and surveys
◉ Olmsted Decison. Answer: Supreme court case stimulated by two
women living in a nursing home in Georgia for community inclusion -
resulted in federal and state initiatives to improve and normalize
community living
◉ Model Systems of Care 1987. Answer: Resulted in research projects
for TBI by the NIDDR, established rehab facilities to provide care and
complete clinical research in the process
◉ Symptoms of Mild TBI. Answer: Headache, fatigue, seizures, nausea,
numbness, poor sleep, light sensitivity, noise sensitivity, impaired
hearing, blurred vision, dizziness, loss of balance, neurological
abnormality, in attentiveness, decreased concentration, poor memory,
impaired judgment, slow proccessing speed, executive dysfunction,
depression, anxiety, agitation, irritability, aggression, impulsivity
, ◉ Primary causes of Mild TBI. Answer: Traumatic intertial - brain
moving inside skull
Traumatic impact - head hits directly
◉ Early Treatment for Mild TBI. Answer: Relaxation techniques, rest,
slow return to normal activity, and reduction of normal activity if
symptoms recur
◉ Peristent Post Concussive Symptoms (PPCS). Answer: Symptoms of
Mild TBI last >1 month, occurs 10% of the time in Mild TBI cases
◉ Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). Answer: Often cause by
repeated blows to the head, is a progressive, degenerative condition
characterized by broken nuerons which continually release tau protein
cashing dementia over time
Diffuse axonal injury -> tau protein release -> inflammation of the brain
-> progressive dementia
◉ Define Skull. Answer: Bony shell that protects the brain, has bony
prominences inside which can worsen brain injury
◉ Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF). Answer: Provides cushion to nerve
tissue, produced by ventricles (4) which also store and circulation CSF
through the brain
