TEST BANK Pathophysiology (7TH) by Jacquelyn L. Banasik| Complete Guide Chapter 1-54 | 100% Verified Answers

Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
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Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
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1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic
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Streptococcus and subsequently developeda pha
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ryngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals
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an oral temperature of 102.3F, skin rash, dyspha
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gia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple p
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ustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, an
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d joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for
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Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescri WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ




bed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
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a. a sore throat. WQ WQ




b. streptococcal infection. WQ




c. genetic susceptibility. WQ




d. pharyngitis.

ANS: B W Q




Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
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is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tenden
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cy to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinic
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al manifestation of the disease process.
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2. A 17-year-old college-
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bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an
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example of
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a. primary prevention. WQ




b. secondary prevention. WQ




c. tertiary prevention. WQ




d. disease treatment. WQ




ANS: A W Q

, Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
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for susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early dete
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ction, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitativ
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e and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.
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Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
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calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. WQ




b. secondary prevention. WQ




c. tertiary prevention. WQ




d. disease treatment. WQ




ANS: B W Q




Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
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as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity.
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Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure f
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or susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care a
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nd attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment invol
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ves management of the disease once it has developed.
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodiu
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m intake. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. WQ




b. secondary prevention. WQ




c. tertiary prevention. WQ




d. disease treatment. WQ




ANS: B W Q




Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such
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as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevent
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ion of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. T
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ertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
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bility and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the dise
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ase once it has developed.
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5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
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lowering medication. This is an example of WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ




a. primary prevention. WQ




b. secondary prevention. WQ




c. tertiary prevention. WQ




d. disease treatment. WQ




ANS: C W Q




Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
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bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
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medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering s
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usceptibility or reducing e x pU s uI
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fN
o r sT
usceptibOle individuals. Secondary prevention is the
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early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves manag
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ement of the disease once it has developed.
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6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs
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of this disease. This stage of illness is called the
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, a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B W Q




Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the
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first appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
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incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and sympt
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oms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malai
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se, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases.
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Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is
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the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
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7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
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a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: B W Q




A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease t
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hat spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
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geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. WQ WQ WQ WQ




8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
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a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. WQ WQ




d. are unknown. WQ




ANS: B W Q




In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
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9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are
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well established, is referred to as
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a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B W Q




The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are
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well established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to
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an injurious agent and the fN
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ceBo.
fCsigOnM
s and symptoms may be called a latent
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period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or
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prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
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WQdisease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation
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.

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1. Your patient’s red blood cell is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by (Select
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all that apply.)
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a. gender difference. WQ

, b. situational factors. WQ




c. normal variation. WQ




d. cultural variation. WQ




e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E W Q WQ WQ WQ




Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
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cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
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2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
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a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. WQ




c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
ANS: B, C, D, E W Q WQ WQ WQ




Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental toxins (
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occupational) and overcrowding, nutrition (over- WQ WQ WQ WQ




or undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g., in developing countries). Genetics is not influenced b
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y socioeconomic factors.
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TRUE/FALSE

1. When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic
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ANS: T
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Many diseases are idiopathic in nature.
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2. The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must
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understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a co
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ndition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity.
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ANS: T W Q




The sensitivity of any test refers to the probability that the test will be positive when applied
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to a person with the condition and will not provide a false negative result. In contrast, spe
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cificity is the probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person who does no
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t have a given condition.
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NURSINGTB.COM
Chapter 02: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to
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StressorsBanasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition WQ WQ WQ




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1. Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except
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a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased peripheral resistance. WQ WQ




d. pupil constriction. WQ




ANS: D W Q




Pupils dilate during stress from the effects of catecholamines. Tachycardia, diaphoresis, and
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