Topics & Review 2026/2027 Latest Exam Update /
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Newborn feeding readiness cues - correct answer-Moving the hands to the
mouth, Sucking on fists and fingers, Lip smacking, Head turning to look for the
breast, Becoming more alert and active, Opening and closing mouth and Fussing
and crying are later cues
Indicators and assessment of effective breastfeeding - correct answer-Infant:
latches without difficulty, has burst of 15-20 sucks/swallows at a time, audible
swallowing is present, easily releases breast at end of feeding, infant appears
content after feeding, has at least 3 substantive bowel movements and 6-8 wet
diapers every 24 h after day 4. Mother: onset of copious milk production by day 3
or 4, firm tugging sensation on nipple as infant sucks but no pain, uterine
contractions and increased vaginal bleeding while feeding, feels relaxed and
drowsy while feeding, increased thirst, breast soften or feel lighter while feeding,
with milk ejection can experience rush or tingling in both breasts and leaking of
milk from opposite breast.
Breastmilk storage guidelines - correct answer-Wash hands before, wash
containers in hot soapy water, write expiration date on container before storing
milk with water proof label, store milk in serving sizes of 2-4 oz, freshly expressed
milk can be stored safely at room temp for 4 h and in fridge for 4 days, optimal
storage time in freezer is 6 months but is acceptable up to 1 year, don't add warm
, milk to refrigerated milk, place containers in back of freezer, never boil or
microwave breast milk to thaw, thawed breast milk should never be refrozen,
gently shake and test temp before feeding, discard unused milk left in bottle after
feeding within 1-2 h.
Care management for breast engorgement for the nursing mother - correct
answer-Frequent feeding, manual expression/pumping, warm compress before
feeding, cold packs after feeding (ex. Peas, cabbage leaf), avoiding skipping feeds.
Breastfeeding and maternal employment - correct answer-Challenges: time
constraint, lack of private spaces, workplace policies, milk supply concerns.
Recommendations: establish milk storage plan, utilize workplace
accommodations.
Hypoglycemia signs and symptoms of the newborn - correct answer-Early signs:
jitteriness/tremors, poor feeding, lethargy, hypotonia (low muscle tone). Severe
signs: apnea, respiratory distress, temperature instability (often hypothermia).
Hypoglycemia in the newborn-normal range for blood glucose levels - correct
answer-First few hours: > or equal to 40 mg/dL, After the first 24 hr: > or equal to
45-50 mg/dL.
Nursing interventions for hypoglycemia in the newborn - correct answer-
Interventions: blood glucose screening (heel stick), maintain thermal stability,
initiate breastfeeding within the first hour of life, if persistent (IV glucose
therapy).
Myelomeningocele-nursing care interventions - correct answer-Protect the sac:
position the infant prone (on the stomach) or side-lying to avoid pressure on the
sac. Prevent infection: avoid diapering.