FOCUS ON NURSING PHARMACOLOGY - AMY
H. KARCH - CHAPTER 1 & 2 (9TH EDITION)
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS NEW UPDATE 2026
GRADE A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
adverse effects. ANSWER - drug effects that are not the desired therapeutic effects; may be
unpleasant or even dangerous
brand name. ANSWER - name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that
developed it; also called a trade name
chemical name. ANSWER - name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug
drugs. ANSWER - chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about some sort of
change
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). ANSWER - federal agency responsible for the
regulation and enforcement of drug evaluation and distribution policies
generic drugs. ANSWER - drugs sold by their chemical name; not brand (or trade) name
products
generic name. ANSWER - the original designation that a drug is given when the drug
company that developed it applies for the approval process
genetic engineering. ANSWER - process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria, to produce a
chemical to be used as a drug
orphan drugs. ANSWER - drugs that have been discovered but would not be profitable for
a drug company to develop; usually drugs that would treat only a small number of people;
these orphans can be adopted by drug companies to develop
, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. ANSWER - drugs that are available without a prescription
for self-treatment of a variety of complaints; deemed to be safe when used as directed
pharmacology. ANSWER - the study of the biological effects of chemicals
pharmacotherapeutics. ANSWER - clinical pharmacology—the branch of pharmacology
that deals with drugs; chemicals that are used in medicine for the treatment, prevention,
and diagnosis of disease in humans
phase I study. ANSWER - a pilot study of a potential drug done with a small number of
selected, healthy human volunteers
phase II study. ANSWER - a clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using
actual patients who have the disorder the drug is designed to treat; patients must provide
informed consent
phase III study. ANSWER - use of a proposed drug on a wide scale in the clinical setting
with patients who have the disease the drug is thought to treat
phase IV study. ANSWER - continual evaluation of a drug after it has been released for
marketing
preclinical trials. ANSWER - initial trial of a chemical thought to have therapeutic
potential; uses laboratory animals, not human subjects
teratogenic. ANSWER - having adverse effects on the fetus
absorption. ANSWER - what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it
enters the circulating fluid; intravenous administration causes the drug to directly enter the
circulating blood, bypassing the many complications of absorption from other routes
H. KARCH - CHAPTER 1 & 2 (9TH EDITION)
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS NEW UPDATE 2026
GRADE A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
adverse effects. ANSWER - drug effects that are not the desired therapeutic effects; may be
unpleasant or even dangerous
brand name. ANSWER - name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that
developed it; also called a trade name
chemical name. ANSWER - name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug
drugs. ANSWER - chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about some sort of
change
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). ANSWER - federal agency responsible for the
regulation and enforcement of drug evaluation and distribution policies
generic drugs. ANSWER - drugs sold by their chemical name; not brand (or trade) name
products
generic name. ANSWER - the original designation that a drug is given when the drug
company that developed it applies for the approval process
genetic engineering. ANSWER - process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria, to produce a
chemical to be used as a drug
orphan drugs. ANSWER - drugs that have been discovered but would not be profitable for
a drug company to develop; usually drugs that would treat only a small number of people;
these orphans can be adopted by drug companies to develop
, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. ANSWER - drugs that are available without a prescription
for self-treatment of a variety of complaints; deemed to be safe when used as directed
pharmacology. ANSWER - the study of the biological effects of chemicals
pharmacotherapeutics. ANSWER - clinical pharmacology—the branch of pharmacology
that deals with drugs; chemicals that are used in medicine for the treatment, prevention,
and diagnosis of disease in humans
phase I study. ANSWER - a pilot study of a potential drug done with a small number of
selected, healthy human volunteers
phase II study. ANSWER - a clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using
actual patients who have the disorder the drug is designed to treat; patients must provide
informed consent
phase III study. ANSWER - use of a proposed drug on a wide scale in the clinical setting
with patients who have the disease the drug is thought to treat
phase IV study. ANSWER - continual evaluation of a drug after it has been released for
marketing
preclinical trials. ANSWER - initial trial of a chemical thought to have therapeutic
potential; uses laboratory animals, not human subjects
teratogenic. ANSWER - having adverse effects on the fetus
absorption. ANSWER - what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it
enters the circulating fluid; intravenous administration causes the drug to directly enter the
circulating blood, bypassing the many complications of absorption from other routes
