Test Bank - Genetics Essentials-Concepts and Connections, 5th Edition (Pierce, 2022), Chapter 1-18

TEST BANK m




Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
m m m m m m m



Benjamin A. Pierce
m m




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,TABLE OF CONTENT
m m




Chapterm01:mIntroductionmtomGenetics ...................................................................................................................... 3
Chapterm02:mChromosomesmandmCellularmReproduction ........................................................................................ 15
Chapterm03:mBasicmPrinciplesmofmHeredity ............................................................................................................. 32
Chapterm04:mExtensionsmandmModificationsmofmBasicmPrinciples ........................................................................... 59
Chapterm05:mLinkage,mRecombination,mandmEukaryoticmGenemMapping ............................................................... 98
Chapterm06:mChromosomemVariation.................................................................................................................... 115
Chapterm07:mBacterialmandmViralmGeneticmSystems .............................................................................................. 139
Chapterm08mDNA:mThemChemicalmNaturemofmthemGene ........................................................................................ 152
Chapterm09:mDNAmReplicationmandmRecombination ............................................................................................ 181
Chapterm10:mFrommDNAmtomProteins:mTranscriptionmandmRNAmProcessing ......................................................... 198
Chapterm11:mFrommDNAmtomProteins:mTranslation................................................................................................ 224
Chapterm12:mControlmofmGenemExpression ............................................................................................................ 244
Chapterm13:mGenemMutations,mTransposablemElements,mandmDNAmRepair .......................................................... 278
Chapterm14:mMolecularmGeneticmAnalysismandmBiotechnology ............................................................................ 298
Chapterm15:mGenomicsmandmProteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
Chapterm16:mCancermGenetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
Chapterm17:mQuantitativemGenetics ...................................................................................................................... 346
Chapterm18:mPopulationmandmEvolutionarymGenetics............................................................................................ 366




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,Chapterm01:mIntroductionmtomGenetics
1. Albinismmismrareminmmostmhumanmpopulations,moccurringmatmamfrequencymofmaboutm1minm20,000mpeople.mHowev
er,mthemtraitmoccursmatmamfrequencymofm1minm200minmcertainmHopimvillagesmofmBlackmMesaminmArizona.mExplainminmt
ermsmofmnaturalmselectionmwhymalbinismmismsomrareminmmostmhumanmpopulations.
ANSWER:mInmmostmpopulations,mtheremismfairlymstrongmselectionmagainstmalbinismmbecausemalbinosmdon’tmproduce
mmelanin,mcausingmtheirmskinmcellsmnotmtombemprotectedmfrommthemdamagingmeffectsmofmsunlight.mAlso,m

themlackmofmmelaninminmtheirmeyesmcausesmthemmtomhavempoormeyesight.mFinally,minmmostmculturesmalbi
nosmaremseenmasmabnormal,mandmtheymaremnotmnormallymsoughtmoutmformmarriagemandmmating.mTherefo
re,minmmostmpopulationsmthemallelesmthatmcausemalbinismmaremselectedmagainst,mandmtheymdecreaseminmfr
equencymormaremkeptmatmamlowmlevel,mcausingmthemrecessivemtraitmtombemrare.

2. Albinismmismrareminmmostmhumanmpopulations,moccurringmatmamfrequencymofmaboutm1minm20,000mpeople.mHowev
er,mthemtraitmoccursmatmamfrequencymofm1minm200minmcertainmHopimvillagesmofmBlackmMesaminmArizona.mExplainminmt
ermsmofmnaturalmselectionmwhymthemtraitmismsommuchmmoremcommonmamongmthemHopismofmBlackmMesa.
ANSWER:mAlbinosmoccupymamprivilegedmpositionmamongmthemHopismofmBlackmMesa.mInmthismculture,malbinosm
aremviewedmasmespeciallympretty,mclean,mandmintelligent,mandmtheymoftenmoccupympositionsmofmleade
rship.mAlbinosmaremcelebratedminmthemvillagesmasmamsignmofmpuritymofmHopimbloodminmthemcommunit
y.
Furthermore,malbinosmaremoftenmexcusedmfrommnormalmmalemfieldmlabormbecausemofmtheirmsensitivitymt
omsunlight,mcausingmthemmtombemleftmbehindminmthemvillagemwithmthemwomenmduringmthemdaytime.mThis
mallowsmthemmextrammatingmopportunitiesmcomparedmtomthemothermmenmofmthemvillage.mTherefore,mthem

allelesmthatmcausemalbinismmaremeithermselectedmforminmthismculturemormatmleastmnotmselectedmagainstmasm
stronglymasminmothermcultures,mallowingmthemtraitmtomoccurmatmammuchmhighermfrequency.

3. Whichmonemofmthemfollowingmpairingsmbetweenmthemsubdisciplinemofmgeneticsmandmthemphenomenon
mismINCORRECT?


a. evolution—populationmgenetics
b. genemregulation—molecularmgenetics
c. allelicmfrequencymalteration—populationmgenetics
d. arrangementmofmgenesmonmchromosome—transmissionmgenetics
e. chemicalmnaturemofmthemgene—transmissionmgenetics
ANSWER:me

4. Whichmonemofmthemfollowingmtopicsmofmresearchmbelongsmtomthemdisciplinemofmtransmissionmgenetics?
a. inheritancempatternmofmgenemalleles
b. mechanismmofmDNAmreplication
c. genemexpressionmpatterns
d. evolution
e. chemicalmmodificationmofmnucleicmacids
ANSWER:ma

5. Themcompletemgeneticmmakeupmofmanmorganismmismreferredmtomasmits
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.

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, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER:md

6. IdentifymamTRUEmstatementmfrommthemfollowingmdescriptionsmconcerningmgenetics.
a. Themtheorymofmpangenesismstatesmthatmallmlivingmorganismsmaremcomposedmofmcells.
b. Bacteriamandmvirusesmaremnotmusefulminmstudyingmgenesmandminheritancembecausemtheymaremstructura
llymandmmetabolicallymdifferentmfrommeukaryoticmcells.
c. CharlesmDarwinmaccuratelymdescribedmthemlawsmofminheritanceminmhismlandmarkmbook,mOnmthemOrigin
mofmSpecies.


d. Manymhumanmtraits,msuchmasmskinmandmhairmcolor,maremdeterminedmbymmoremthanmamsinglemgene.
e. Evolutionmcanmoccurmwithoutmgeneticmchangesminmthempopulation.
ANSWER:md

7. IdentifymamFALSEmstatementmfrommthemfollowingmdescriptionsmofmgenetics.
a. Humansmfirstmappliedmgeneticsmtomthemdomesticationmofmplantsmandmanimalsmbetweenmapproximate
lym10,000mandm12,000myearsmago.
b. SomemvirusesmusemRNAmtomcarrymtheirmgeneticminformation.
c. Albinismmresultsmfrommammutationminmthemgenesmthatmcontrolmthemsynthesismandmstoragemofmmelanin.
d. Allmhumanmtraitsmthatmdisplaymblendingminheritancemaremaffectedmbymamsinglemgene.
e. Themprocessmbymwhichmgeneticminformationmismcopiedmandmdecodedmismsimilarmformallmformsmofmlife.
ANSWER:md

8. Whichmofmthemfollowingmspeciesmismconsideredmammodelmgeneticmorganism?
a. themplantmLinariamvulgaris
b. themdeermmousemPeromyscusmmaniculatus
c. themwormmCaenorhabditismelegans
d. themfrogmHylamchrysoscelis
e. themchimpanzeemPanmtroglodyte
smANSWER:mc

9. WhichmofmthemfollowingmwouldmservemthemLEASTmwellmasmammodelmformunderstandingmbasicmmechanisms
mofminheritance?


a. fruitmflies
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER:mb

10. WhichmofmthemfollowingmstatementsmismTRUE?
a. Eachmsubdisciplinemofmgeneticsmismverymspecificmasmtomwhatmismexploredmandmdoesmnotmoverlapmwithmthe



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