Geography Urban
Urbanisation - rate of movement
Urbanisation is the increase in proportion of people living in towns
and cities
It happened in HICs during the Industrial Revolution
o Because there were more of job opportunities and
unskilled work
Now it is happening more in LICs as they are developing
o People moving to choose from rural to urban areas for
better opportunities
Urbanisation increases because of…
Colonialism - movement of industry
Mechanisation - uses of machines now
De-industrialisation - people move from HIC to LIC because it’s
cheaper
What is a push factor?
A push factor is a reason that forces you or makes you want to leave
an area
e.g. war, crime, environmental degradation, disease, low pay
What is a pull factor?
A pull factor is a reason that encourages you into an area
e.g. better quality of life, education, more jobs, higher wages
What is Bright light syndrome (BLS)?
When push and pull factors are so great that increase of rural
to urban migration is quick
What is Natural Increase?
Natural increase is when birth rate is higher than death rate in a
particular population over a certain period of time.
LICs/MICs have more natural increase
o Because people have lots of children that can be used as
economic assets and because of high infant mortality
rate
HICs don’t have a lot of children
o Because women do more on jobs and it is more
expensive
Increase in natural increase leads to a bigger population and a
higher rate of rural to urban migration.
, MIGRATION = the movement of people from one area to another
IMMIGRATION = International movement to a new country with
intention of staying and living there
EMIGRATION = International movement when people are leaving a
country
REFUGEE = A person that has been forced out of their country
because of fear of persecution
RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION = movement from rural to urban area
REMITTANCE = When a migrant sends money back to their home
country
Is rural-urban migration good or bad?
Advantages Disadvantages
- diversity - more noise and air pollution
- more money to - high population density and
government overcrowding
- more employment - prices increase
- increased productivity - not enough spaces or jobs
- more business - limited space - homelessness
What is Suburbanisation?
Suburbanisation is moving from a central urban area to an urban
area at the suburbs
What is Urban allogmeration?
The combing of more than one urban area due to increase in size
and population of each
What is Urban Sprawl?
The growth of towns and cities spreading and taking over areas of
the countryside
What is counter urbanisation?
Movement from urban areas to rural areas
mostly done in HICs
o By retired, elderly or wealthy families
More space for families
Cheaper
Less pollution
Megacities
Megacities are cities with more than 10 million inhabitants
Most megacities are in Asia
Urbanisation - rate of movement
Urbanisation is the increase in proportion of people living in towns
and cities
It happened in HICs during the Industrial Revolution
o Because there were more of job opportunities and
unskilled work
Now it is happening more in LICs as they are developing
o People moving to choose from rural to urban areas for
better opportunities
Urbanisation increases because of…
Colonialism - movement of industry
Mechanisation - uses of machines now
De-industrialisation - people move from HIC to LIC because it’s
cheaper
What is a push factor?
A push factor is a reason that forces you or makes you want to leave
an area
e.g. war, crime, environmental degradation, disease, low pay
What is a pull factor?
A pull factor is a reason that encourages you into an area
e.g. better quality of life, education, more jobs, higher wages
What is Bright light syndrome (BLS)?
When push and pull factors are so great that increase of rural
to urban migration is quick
What is Natural Increase?
Natural increase is when birth rate is higher than death rate in a
particular population over a certain period of time.
LICs/MICs have more natural increase
o Because people have lots of children that can be used as
economic assets and because of high infant mortality
rate
HICs don’t have a lot of children
o Because women do more on jobs and it is more
expensive
Increase in natural increase leads to a bigger population and a
higher rate of rural to urban migration.
, MIGRATION = the movement of people from one area to another
IMMIGRATION = International movement to a new country with
intention of staying and living there
EMIGRATION = International movement when people are leaving a
country
REFUGEE = A person that has been forced out of their country
because of fear of persecution
RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION = movement from rural to urban area
REMITTANCE = When a migrant sends money back to their home
country
Is rural-urban migration good or bad?
Advantages Disadvantages
- diversity - more noise and air pollution
- more money to - high population density and
government overcrowding
- more employment - prices increase
- increased productivity - not enough spaces or jobs
- more business - limited space - homelessness
What is Suburbanisation?
Suburbanisation is moving from a central urban area to an urban
area at the suburbs
What is Urban allogmeration?
The combing of more than one urban area due to increase in size
and population of each
What is Urban Sprawl?
The growth of towns and cities spreading and taking over areas of
the countryside
What is counter urbanisation?
Movement from urban areas to rural areas
mostly done in HICs
o By retired, elderly or wealthy families
More space for families
Cheaper
Less pollution
Megacities
Megacities are cities with more than 10 million inhabitants
Most megacities are in Asia
