HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
PRACTICE GUIDE UPDATED 2026 TESTED
SOLUTIONS
⫸ A 26 yr old male client w/ Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to undergo
radiation therapy. The clinet expresses concern about the effect of
radiation on his ability to have children. What info should the nurse
provide? Answer: Permanent sterility occurs in the male client who
receive radiation
Low sperm count and loss of motility are seen in males w/ Hodgkin's
disease b/f any therapy. Radiotherapy often results in permanent
aspermia, or sterility
⫸ The nurse hears short, high-pitched sounds just b/f the end of
inspiration in the right and left lower lobes when auscultating a client's
lungs. How should this finding be recorded? Answer: Crackles in the
right and left lower lobes
Fine crackles - short, high-pitched sounds heard just b/f the end of
inspiration that are the result of rapid equalization of pressure when
collaped alveoli or terminal bronchioles suddenly snap open
Wheezing is a continuous high-pitched squeaking or musical sound
caused by rapid vibration of bronchial walls that are 1st evident on
expiration and may be audible
, ⫸ A client is admitted to the ER w/ a tension pneumothorax. Which
assessment should the nurse expect to ID? Answer: A deviation of the
trachea toward the side opposite of the pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax is caused by rapid accumulation of air in the
pleural space, causing severely high intrapleural pressure. This results in
collapse of the lung, and the mediastinum shifts toward the unaffected
side, which is subsequently compressed
⫸ A client who is receiving a whole blood transfusion dv's chills, fever,
and a HA 30 min after the transfusion is started. The nurse shold
recognize these sx as characteristic of what rxn? Answer: A febrile
transfusion reaction
Sx of a febrile reaction include sudden chills, fever, HA, flushing, and
muscle pain.
An allergic rxn is the response of histamine release which is
characterized by flushing, itching, and urticaria. It exhibits an
exaggerated allergic response that progresses to shock and possible
cardiac arrest
an acute hemolytic reaction presents w/ fever, chills, but is hallmarked
by the onset of low back pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, vascular collapse,
hemoglobinuria, dark urine, ARF, shock, cardiac arrest, and even death
PRACTICE GUIDE UPDATED 2026 TESTED
SOLUTIONS
⫸ A 26 yr old male client w/ Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to undergo
radiation therapy. The clinet expresses concern about the effect of
radiation on his ability to have children. What info should the nurse
provide? Answer: Permanent sterility occurs in the male client who
receive radiation
Low sperm count and loss of motility are seen in males w/ Hodgkin's
disease b/f any therapy. Radiotherapy often results in permanent
aspermia, or sterility
⫸ The nurse hears short, high-pitched sounds just b/f the end of
inspiration in the right and left lower lobes when auscultating a client's
lungs. How should this finding be recorded? Answer: Crackles in the
right and left lower lobes
Fine crackles - short, high-pitched sounds heard just b/f the end of
inspiration that are the result of rapid equalization of pressure when
collaped alveoli or terminal bronchioles suddenly snap open
Wheezing is a continuous high-pitched squeaking or musical sound
caused by rapid vibration of bronchial walls that are 1st evident on
expiration and may be audible
, ⫸ A client is admitted to the ER w/ a tension pneumothorax. Which
assessment should the nurse expect to ID? Answer: A deviation of the
trachea toward the side opposite of the pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax is caused by rapid accumulation of air in the
pleural space, causing severely high intrapleural pressure. This results in
collapse of the lung, and the mediastinum shifts toward the unaffected
side, which is subsequently compressed
⫸ A client who is receiving a whole blood transfusion dv's chills, fever,
and a HA 30 min after the transfusion is started. The nurse shold
recognize these sx as characteristic of what rxn? Answer: A febrile
transfusion reaction
Sx of a febrile reaction include sudden chills, fever, HA, flushing, and
muscle pain.
An allergic rxn is the response of histamine release which is
characterized by flushing, itching, and urticaria. It exhibits an
exaggerated allergic response that progresses to shock and possible
cardiac arrest
an acute hemolytic reaction presents w/ fever, chills, but is hallmarked
by the onset of low back pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, vascular collapse,
hemoglobinuria, dark urine, ARF, shock, cardiac arrest, and even death
