ANAT101 FINAL EXAM
anatomical position - Answer-To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward
saggital/medial plane - Answer-is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
transverse/horizontal plane - Answer-runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior
and inferior parts
coronal (frontal) plane - Answer-vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior)
portions
plasma membrane - Answer-A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the
cells to protect from the external fluid.
Semi-permeable - controls entry and exit of substances
Carrier proteins permit the movement of substances that are too large to diffuse through channels.
Transported by a carrier mechanism (facilitated diffusion/ active transport)
Cytoplasm - Answer-A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Nucleus - Answer-A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
Organelle - Answer-A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
,Mitochondria - Answer-Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Answer-responsible for synthesising secretory products e.g lipids, carbs +
proteins
Smooth ER + Rough ER - Answer-Smooth ER that has no ribosomes and synthesises lipids + carbs
Rough ER has ribosomes bound to membranes and modifies + packages synthesised proteins
Golgi apparatus - Answer-A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the
cell. Synthesised by ER
endocytosis and exocytosis - Answer-types of active transport
endo - outside to inside
exo - inside to outside (requires ATP)
basic tissues - Answer-epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
epithelial tissue - Answer-Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities. Has
epithelia and glands
connective tissue - Answer-A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts,
highly vascular (lots of blood cells), lots of matrix separating cells
nervous tissue - Answer-A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain
and every other part of the body.
muscle tissue - Answer-A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move. Skeletal,
Cardiac, Smooth
, Bone function - Answer-support, storage, blood cell production, protection, leverage of movement
flat bones - Answer-Flat bones, roughly parallel, curved surfaces, large surface area
long bones - Answer-longer than they are wide
irregular bones - Answer-complex shape, bones of the vertebrae and face, often have foramen
short bones - Answer-smaller, cubey bones e.g carpals and tarsals
axial skeleton - Answer-The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and
trunk. Limited movement, strong and reinforced by ligaments
vertebral column - Answer-cervical - 7 oval shaped, neck movement
thoracic - 12 med size, some movement, articulate facets for ribs
lumbar - 5 lrg size, small vertebral foramen
sacral - 5 fused vertebrae, from posterior pelvic girdle
Coccyx - 2-5 fused vertebrae form a single bone
appendicular skeleton - Answer-Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial
skeleton
pectoral girdle - Answer-clavicle and scapula
condyle vs epicondyles - Answer-- condyle forms an articulation with another bone.
anatomical position - Answer-To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward
saggital/medial plane - Answer-is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
transverse/horizontal plane - Answer-runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior
and inferior parts
coronal (frontal) plane - Answer-vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior)
portions
plasma membrane - Answer-A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the
cells to protect from the external fluid.
Semi-permeable - controls entry and exit of substances
Carrier proteins permit the movement of substances that are too large to diffuse through channels.
Transported by a carrier mechanism (facilitated diffusion/ active transport)
Cytoplasm - Answer-A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Nucleus - Answer-A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
Organelle - Answer-A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
,Mitochondria - Answer-Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Answer-responsible for synthesising secretory products e.g lipids, carbs +
proteins
Smooth ER + Rough ER - Answer-Smooth ER that has no ribosomes and synthesises lipids + carbs
Rough ER has ribosomes bound to membranes and modifies + packages synthesised proteins
Golgi apparatus - Answer-A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the
cell. Synthesised by ER
endocytosis and exocytosis - Answer-types of active transport
endo - outside to inside
exo - inside to outside (requires ATP)
basic tissues - Answer-epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
epithelial tissue - Answer-Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities. Has
epithelia and glands
connective tissue - Answer-A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts,
highly vascular (lots of blood cells), lots of matrix separating cells
nervous tissue - Answer-A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain
and every other part of the body.
muscle tissue - Answer-A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move. Skeletal,
Cardiac, Smooth
, Bone function - Answer-support, storage, blood cell production, protection, leverage of movement
flat bones - Answer-Flat bones, roughly parallel, curved surfaces, large surface area
long bones - Answer-longer than they are wide
irregular bones - Answer-complex shape, bones of the vertebrae and face, often have foramen
short bones - Answer-smaller, cubey bones e.g carpals and tarsals
axial skeleton - Answer-The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and
trunk. Limited movement, strong and reinforced by ligaments
vertebral column - Answer-cervical - 7 oval shaped, neck movement
thoracic - 12 med size, some movement, articulate facets for ribs
lumbar - 5 lrg size, small vertebral foramen
sacral - 5 fused vertebrae, from posterior pelvic girdle
Coccyx - 2-5 fused vertebrae form a single bone
appendicular skeleton - Answer-Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial
skeleton
pectoral girdle - Answer-clavicle and scapula
condyle vs epicondyles - Answer-- condyle forms an articulation with another bone.
