USF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS PASSED 100%
selective permeability - CORRECT ANSWER Ability of the cell wall to allow some
substances through the membrane and block others
substances with free passage - CORRECT ANSWER enzymes, glucose and
electrolytes
diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER movement of solutes towards lower solute
concentrations
osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER passive movement of water/solvent across membrane
towards higher concentrations
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER movement against concentration gradient
endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER brining substances into cell
cell proliferation - CORRECT ANSWER when cells divide and reproduce (mitosis and
meiosis)
atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER decrease in cell size
(decreasing workload diminishes organelle size and lowers energy)
hyperplasia (compensatory and hormonal) - CORRECT ANSWER increase in number
of cells
(increasing workload increases tissue size due to cell proliferation)
hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER increase in cell size
metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER a pathologic replacement of normal cells with
abnormal cells
dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER a pathologic mutation of normal cells into abnormal
cells
apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER programmed cell death
, benign tumors - CORRECT ANSWER cells are similar to normal
cells/differentiated/mitosis is fairly normal
malignant tumors - CORRECT ANSWER cells varied in size and shape/many
undifferentiated/mitosis is increased and atypical
autosomal dominant disorder - CORRECT ANSWER transmitted from affected parents
to offspring regardless of gender. (50% chance of transmission)
autosomal recessive disorder - CORRECT ANSWER rare, as both members of the
gene pair must be affected.
-only occur in homozygous allele pairs
-those with heterozygous pairs are carriers only/no symptoms
x-linked disorders - CORRECT ANSWER Genetic conditions that result from mutations
to genes on the X chromosome. They are almost always expressed in males, who have
only one copy of the X chromosome; in females, the second X chromosome containing
the normally functioning allele protects them from developing X-linked disorders.
multifactoral inheritance disorders - CORRECT ANSWER a common but unpredictable
class of disorders resulting from an interaction of environmental and genetic factors.
chromosomal disorder - CORRECT ANSWER meiosis produces abnormal number of
structure of chromosomes
neoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER new growth
effects of stress - CORRECT ANSWER may negatively impact homeostasis
-increase in access to energy storage, body metabolism speeds up
-increased HR
-increased respirations
-increased blood sugar
the stress response - CORRECT ANSWER -alarm stage
-resistance stage
-exhaustion stage
innate immunity - CORRECT ANSWER -barriers (skin, mucous membranes,
chemicals, and microbiome)
-inflammatory response (vascular reaction from damage or trauma)
-pyrogens (cause fever)
-interferons (release from virus infected cells)
-complement proteins (enhance antibodies)
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS PASSED 100%
selective permeability - CORRECT ANSWER Ability of the cell wall to allow some
substances through the membrane and block others
substances with free passage - CORRECT ANSWER enzymes, glucose and
electrolytes
diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER movement of solutes towards lower solute
concentrations
osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER passive movement of water/solvent across membrane
towards higher concentrations
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER movement against concentration gradient
endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER brining substances into cell
cell proliferation - CORRECT ANSWER when cells divide and reproduce (mitosis and
meiosis)
atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER decrease in cell size
(decreasing workload diminishes organelle size and lowers energy)
hyperplasia (compensatory and hormonal) - CORRECT ANSWER increase in number
of cells
(increasing workload increases tissue size due to cell proliferation)
hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER increase in cell size
metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER a pathologic replacement of normal cells with
abnormal cells
dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER a pathologic mutation of normal cells into abnormal
cells
apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER programmed cell death
, benign tumors - CORRECT ANSWER cells are similar to normal
cells/differentiated/mitosis is fairly normal
malignant tumors - CORRECT ANSWER cells varied in size and shape/many
undifferentiated/mitosis is increased and atypical
autosomal dominant disorder - CORRECT ANSWER transmitted from affected parents
to offspring regardless of gender. (50% chance of transmission)
autosomal recessive disorder - CORRECT ANSWER rare, as both members of the
gene pair must be affected.
-only occur in homozygous allele pairs
-those with heterozygous pairs are carriers only/no symptoms
x-linked disorders - CORRECT ANSWER Genetic conditions that result from mutations
to genes on the X chromosome. They are almost always expressed in males, who have
only one copy of the X chromosome; in females, the second X chromosome containing
the normally functioning allele protects them from developing X-linked disorders.
multifactoral inheritance disorders - CORRECT ANSWER a common but unpredictable
class of disorders resulting from an interaction of environmental and genetic factors.
chromosomal disorder - CORRECT ANSWER meiosis produces abnormal number of
structure of chromosomes
neoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER new growth
effects of stress - CORRECT ANSWER may negatively impact homeostasis
-increase in access to energy storage, body metabolism speeds up
-increased HR
-increased respirations
-increased blood sugar
the stress response - CORRECT ANSWER -alarm stage
-resistance stage
-exhaustion stage
innate immunity - CORRECT ANSWER -barriers (skin, mucous membranes,
chemicals, and microbiome)
-inflammatory response (vascular reaction from damage or trauma)
-pyrogens (cause fever)
-interferons (release from virus infected cells)
-complement proteins (enhance antibodies)
